Activities and affiliations

What people did, and whom they served in that activity.

Activity

All 2 Political and party leadership 1 Social movements and organizing 1

State, movement or organization

All 288 Soviet Union 91 Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 76 Left Opposition 16 Solidarity (Solidarność) 7 Narodnaya Volya 6 Left Communists 4 Communist Party USA (CPUSA) 4 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 4 Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) 1
All 42 affiliations by country

Brazil

Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) 1

China

Communist Party of China 2

Czechoslovakia

Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 3

Estonia

Popular Front of Estonia (Rahvarinne) 1

France

French Communist Party (PCF) 2 General Confederation of Labour (CGT, France) 2 Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP/FTPF) 1 Cordeliers Club 2 Enragés 1 Conspiracy of the Equals / Société des Égaux 2

Germany

Germany state institutions 1 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1

Greece

Communist Party of Greece (KKE) 1

Hungary

Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP) 1

International organizations

Comintern 2 International Workingmen's Association (First International) 3 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 2

Poland

Solidarity (Solidarność) 7 Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) 2 Free Trade Unions of the Coast (WZZ) 3 Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 1

Russia

Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 3 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 2 Narodnaya Volya 6 General Jewish Labour Bund 1 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 4

South Africa

South African Communist Party (SACP) 1

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 76 ↳ Left Communists 4 ↳ Democratic Centralists (Decists) 3 ↳ Workers' Opposition 2 ↳ Left Opposition 16 ↳ Union of Marxist-Leninists (Ryutin group) 1 Soviet Union 91

Spain

Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1 Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) 1

United Kingdom

Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) 3

United States

Socialist Workers Party (United States) 1 Communist Party USA (CPUSA) 4

Vietnam

Communist Party of Vietnam / Workers' Party of Vietnam 1

Yugoslavia

Communist Party / League of Communists of Yugoslavia (KPJ/SKJ) 1

Social movements and organizing · Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) people 1

Clear all

Carlos Marighella

Carlos Marighella
Social movements and organizing Affiliation unconfirmed Communism Brazil Brazil 1911–1969 ✕ Shot by police

From congressman to urban guerrilla theorist: the military dictatorship's enemy number one

“Não tive tempo para ter medo” — "I didn't have time to be afraid" — epitaph on his tomb, designed by Oscar Niemeyer

Brazilian Marxist-Leninist revolutionary, once a federal deputy for the Communist Party, who rejected peaceful resistance to the 1964 military coup and became the theorist and practitioner of urban guerrilla warfare. Leading the Ação Libertadora Nacional he had founded, his Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla influenced revolutionary movements worldwide before he was killed in a 1969 police ambush in São Paulo.

Career timeline
  • 1932First arrest for a poem criticizing Bahia interventor Juracy Magalhães
  • 1934Left civil engineering studies; joined the PCB
  • 1936–1945Repeated arrests and imprisonment, including a long stretch 1939–1945
  • 1946–1948Federal deputy for the PCB; lost mandate when the party was outlawed
  • 1953–1954Visited China at the invitation of the Chinese Communist Party
  • 1967Expelled from the PCB over the armed-struggle line
  • 1968.02Founded the Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN)
  • 1969.06Wrote the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla
  • 1969.11Shot dead in a DOPS ambush in São Paulo