commulingo

Cuban revolutionary commander credited with defeating the 1961 Bay of Pigs landing (Brigade 2506)

Finland’s diplomat in Moscow on the eve of war

Theatre director active in Republican diplomacy

Spanish anarchist who served in the Republican government

Palestinian activist linking anti-colonialism and anti-fascism

Exiled writer who recorded children’s experiences of the Spanish war

Lao revolutionary leader and president

SS special-unit commander implicated in the Wola massacre

The last General Secretary of the Brezhnev order

Latvian Bolshevik who denounced NKVD case fabrication in court

In 1974 the military Derg deposed Emperor Haile Selassie and took power. Social protest and military unrest developed into military rule and radical social reform.

After the 1921 revolution, Mongolia moved from a restricted monarchy to a people’s republic. Relations with the USSR shaped state institutions and domestic struggles over power.

Siad Barre’s Supreme Revolutionary Council took power in the 1969 coup and proclaimed scientific socialism in 1970. Military rulers concentrated legislative and executive authority and promoted state-...

In December 1975 Laos abolished the monarchy and established the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Pathet Lao predominance displaced coalition government with a one-party state.

Following the occupiers’ withdrawal and partisan victory in 1944, Enver Hoxha’s leadership consolidated power. The 1946 proclamation of a people’s republic and constitution established the postwar reg...

The fall of Saigon ended the South Vietnamese government in 1975; the Socialist Republic of Vietnam institutionalized state reunification in 1976. Military victory and legal unification were different...

Independence from Portugal in 1975 occurred amid civil war between liberation movements and foreign military intervention. The MPLA proclaimed a people’s republic in Luanda with Agostinho Neto as pres...

After Batista’s fall in 1959, Cuba’s revolutionary government pursued land reform and nationalization. Revolutionary victory and the formal socialist turn occurred in stages.

Mozambique became independent from Portugal in 1975 under FRELIMO leader Samora Machel. The government pursued changes in education, health and economic organization.

After liberation, people’s committees and communist organizations formed new institutions in northern Korea under Soviet military occupation. Land reform and nationalization of major industries took p...

From February to May 1922, the Soviet regime forcibly confiscated gold, silver, and jeweled liturgical objects from Orthodox and other religious institutions under the pretext of famine relief for the...

The unicameral legislature of reunified Vietnam, elected as the Sixth National Assembly in April 1976 under the agreements reached at the November 1975 North–South political consultative conference. A...

The 16th All-Union Conference of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), held in Moscow from 23 to 29 April 1929. 254 voting (decisive-voice) delegates and 679 consultative (advisory-voice) delega...

Spanish anarcho-syndicalist trade-union confederation founded in Barcelona in 1910. It emphasized worker self-organization, direct action, and federalism. During the Spanish Civil War it participated ...

Republican regime governing Spain from the fall of the monarchy in 1931 until defeat in the civil war in 1939. Its constitution established parliamentary institutions, equal voting rights for women, r...

A planned-economy policy of the early People's Republic of China for state control of grain, cotton and other agricultural resources: beginning in 1953, the state carried out planned grain procurement...

The New Economic Policy proposed by Lenin and adopted at the 10th Party Congress in March 1921. The 21 March 1921 decree replaced War Communism's forced grain requisitioning (prodrazvyorstka) with a f...

These two treaties were Soviet alliances with Britain and France against Germany during the Second World War. The 1942 Anglo-Soviet treaty provided for mutual military assistance and barred a separate...

An agreement signed on 1 August 1947 at Bled, Slovenia, by Yugoslavia's Tito and Bulgaria's Dimitrov, abolishing visas, establishing a customs union, reducing Bulgarian war reparations, and granting c...

The separate peace signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and Germany and its allies, on crushing terms that surrendered Ukraine, the Baltic region and with them a third of the old empire's popu...

Korean machine translation of the introduction, fourteen chapters, 771 notes, twelve illustrations, contributors and index. Bibliographies and citation details retain their original languages.

The 18 June 1979 treaty limiting US and Soviet strategic offensive arms, with agreed statements and common understandings, the protocol, guidelines for subsequent negotiations, and the Backfire statem...

The treaty signed in Washington on 8 December 1987 on the elimination of Soviet and US intermediate-range and shorter-range missiles. Korean translation of the Russian treaty text; the memorandum of u...

The security section of the CSCE Final Act signed by thirty-five heads of state on 1 August 1975: the Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States, with its ten principles ...

Fifteen documents exchanged between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies during the two months of the rising: Stalin's message of 5 August calling the Polish reports 'greatly exaggerated', the Harr...

The directive of 17 April 1944 placing USSTAF and RAF Bomber Command under the Supreme Commander for the preparatory period, with the attrition of the German fighter force and the disruption of rail c...

The CLNAI and CVL command's ultimatum of 19 April 1945 to the Nazi-Fascist forces, 'Surrender or Perish!'; Insurrection Directive No. 1 of 21 April, ordering workers to gather in their own factories w...

Paragraphs 1–3 of the directive 'The Future of the City of Petersburg' of 22 September 1941, issued days after the ring around Leningrad closed (raze the city; refuse any offer of surrender), and the ...

The law of 9 December 1928 that made the Fascist Grand Council a state organ, 'the supreme body coordinating and integrating all activities of the regime'; the Grandi resolution the Council carried 19...

The CIA Office of Reports and Estimates' assessment of 28 April 1948, two months before the Berlin blockade. It reads the March walkout from the Allied Control Council and the interference with Berlin...

Two texts read as one book: why a rise in wages is possible, and why a socialism built on distribution is a dead end. One conclusion: the wages system itself is the object.