José Carlos Mariátegui
José Carlos MariáteguiThe autodidact who rewrote Marxism for the Andes
“Socialism in Latin America must be a heroic creation, neither copy nor imitation.” — Amauta, 1928
Peruvian Marxist thinker. After encountering Gramsci's thought in Italy, he creatively recast Marxism for Andean reality. His Seven Essays reframed the Indian question as a land question, and in 1928 he founded the Peruvian Socialist Party. He died at thirty-five.
Career timeline
- 1919–1923Years in Italy; the factory councils and Gramsci's circle
- 1926Founds the journal Amauta
- 1928The Seven Essays: land and the Indian question in Marxist terms
- 1928–1929Founds the Peruvian Socialist Party and the CGTP
- 1930Dies at thirty-five