People of the Revolution and the USSR

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GlossaryCommunist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ)

Zdeněk Fierlinger

Zdeněk Fierlinger
Czechoslovakia Communism Czechoslovakia Czechia 1891–1976 ○ Natural causes

Pro-Soviet Social Democrat and first post-liberation premier who sided with the Communists in 1948 and merged his party into theirs

During the Communist coup of February 1948, he led the Social Democratic push for union with the Communists; the merger later that year brought his party into the one-party system.

A diplomat from Olomouc, he served as envoy to the Netherlands, Romania, the United States, Switzerland and Austria and, as the exile government’s ambassador in Moscow during the war, grew close to the Soviet Union. Prime minister of the Košice government from April 1945, he led the National Front government until June 1946. As Social Democratic leader he advocated close co-operation with the Communists, and when the non-Communist ministers resigned in February 1948 he stayed and openly backed the Communists. After the coup he merged the Social Democrats into the Communist Party and held high office under the regime.

Career timeline
  • 1945–1946Prime minister of the Košice government and post-liberation Czechoslovakia.
  • 1946–1947Chairman of the Czech Social Democratic Party; in November 1947, party members ousted him for being too submissive to the Communists.
  • 1948After the February coup, he led the merger of the Social Democrats with the Communists and joined the Communist Party Central Committee.
  • 1948–1953Served as deputy prime minister.
  • 1951–1953Minister of the State Office for Religious Affairs.
  • 1953–1964Chairman of the National Assembly.
  • 1968Supported the Prague Spring reforms and protested the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.

Oldřich Černík

Oldřich Černík

The miner's son and technocrat who led the Prague Spring government, then signed the Moscow Protocol under duress

In July 1968, amid controversy over the 'Two Thousand Words' manifesto, Černík told parliament: 'This declaration is certainly not an expression of counterrevolution but only the opinion of one segment of the Party.'

Reform communist prime minister of Czechoslovakia (1968–1970). A technocrat from a mining family, he served as minister of fuels and energy and chairman of the State Planning Commission before his appointment as premier at the April 1968 Central Committee plenum that adopted the Action Programme. Together with Dubček he led the Prague Spring; after the August invasion he was seized and taken to Moscow, where he signed the Moscow Protocol. He promised to continue reforms upon his return, but under Husák was removed and expelled from the party in 1970, spending the next twenty years as a deputy director of a research institute.

Career timeline
  • 1921Born into a mining family in Ostrava, works as a lathe operator
  • 1945–1949Joins KSČ, graduates from Ostrava Higher School of Mining
  • 1956–1960Secretary of the KSČ Central Committee
  • 1960–1963Minister of Fuels and Energy
  • 1963–1968Deputy PM and Chairman of the State Planning Commission
  • 1968.04–1970.01Prime Minister: Action Programme, Prague Spring, Moscow Protocol
  • 1970–1971Removed from office, expelled from KSČ
  • 1970–1989Economic deputy director at a Prague research institute