People of the Revolution and the USSR
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Feliks Yakovlevich Kon Феликс Яковлевич Кон
From Warsaw boy patriot to Comintern old revolutionary: the Pole who returned in the sealed train
Political and party leadership · Soviet Union
1864–1941
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Józef Piłsudski Józef Piłsudski
The soldier-politician who began as a socialist, became Head of State of reborn Poland, broke the Red Army's westward drive at Warsaw in 1920, and later ruled through a coup-built authoritarian regime
Government and administration · Poland
1867–1935
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Stanisław Grabski Stanisław Grabski
An Endecja theorist who pressed for a Polish nation-state
Political and party leadership · Polish Socialist Party (PPS)
1871–1949
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Kazimierz Sosnkowski Kazimierz Sosnkowski
A military leader who shaped Poland's independence struggle and armed forces in exile
Military command · Poland
1885–1969
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Isaac Deutscher Isaac Deutscher
Marxist historian of Trotsky's definitive biography, who coined the 'non-Jewish Jew'
Scholarship and theory · Communist Party of Poland (KPP)
1907–1967
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Adam Rapacki Adam Rapacki
A diplomat who widened room for negotiation amid East-West tension
Diplomacy and international organization · Poland
1909–1970
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Józef Cyrankiewicz Józef Cyrankiewicz
A resistance survivor who became a guardian of the system
Government and administration · Poland
1911–1989