People of the Revolution and the USSR
Hungary state institutions
Counter-revolutionary forces
The revolutionary wave and the world war 1917–1945
Clear all
- Miklós Horthy Horthy Miklós Regent who led the counter-revolutionary National Army and ruled Hungary until 1944
- Gyula Károlyi Károlyi Gyula Conservative aristocrat who set up the counter-revolutionary government in Szeged in 1919 and was prime minister of Hungary in 1931–1932
- Joseph August Joseph August von Österreich Habsburg archduke and last field marshal of the Austro-Hungarian army who briefly declared himself regent of Hungary in August 1919
- István Bethlen Bethlen István Transylvanian aristocrat who, as prime minister in 1921–1931, consolidated the Horthy regime with a restricted franchise and a League loan
- Pál Prónay Prónay Pál Counter-revolutionary paramilitary commander who led the most brutal officer detachment of the Hungarian White Terror of 1919–1921
- Antal Lehár Lehár Antal Legitimist general who led counter-revolutionary troops in western Hungary and joined both of King Charles’s return attempts in 1921
- Pál Teleki Teleki Pál Geographer of the “Red map” who was twice prime minister and killed himself in 1941 as German troops crossed Hungary
- István Haller Haller István Christian Socialist politician who, as minister of religion and education, prepared and tabled the numerus clausus bill of 1920
- Henrik Werth Werth Henrik Chief of the Hungarian General Staff who was the strongest advocate of alliance with Germany and of war on the Soviet Union
- Döme Sztójay Sztójay Döme Soldier-diplomat who pushed for the German alliance in Berlin and, as prime minister under occupation, sped up the Jewish deportations
- Gusztáv Jány Jány Gusztáv Commander of the Hungarian Second Army destroyed on the Don in January 1943
- István Friedrich Friedrich István Factory owner who was prime minister of Hungary for three months after the August 1919 coup against the Peidl government
- Gyula Ostenburg-Moravek Ostenburg-Moravek Gyula Gendarmerie officer whose detachment murdered two Népszava journalists and who joined King Charles’s 1921 return attempt
- Károly Bartha Bartha Károly Defence minister who pressed for joining the invasion of Yugoslavia and the war on the Soviet Union, and harshened labour service
- Gyula Gömbös Gömbös Gyula Right-radical officer who organised the Szeged National Army and as prime minister in 1932–1936 steered Hungary towards Italy and Germany
- Kálmán Darányi Darányi Kálmán Gömbös’s successor as prime minister in 1936–1938, who announced the Győr programme and introduced the First Jewish Law
- László Bárdossy Bárdossy László Wartime prime minister who declared war on the Soviet Union over the Kassa bombing and approved the deportation of Jews
- Iván Héjjas Héjjas Iván White Terror commander whose detachment around Kecskemét carried out the Orgovány killings and the Izsák pogrom
- Béla Imrédy Imrédy Béla Prime minister who swung Hungary towards Germany and drafted the Second Jewish Law, then fell over his own Jewish ancestry
- László Endre Endre László Interior Ministry state secretary who in 1944 ran the ghettoisation and deportation of Hungary’s Jews with László Baky
- Ferenc Szálasi Szálasi Ferenc Arrow Cross leader installed by Germany as 'Leader of the Nation' in 1944
- László Baky Baky László Gendarmerie officer turned National Socialist who as state secretary for the interior in 1944 ran the deportation of Jews with László Endre