People of the Revolution and the USSR
- Nikolai Yakovlevich Danilevsky Николай Яковлевич Данилевский Pan-Slavist philosopher who theorized cultural-historical types to argue for Russia's civilizational distinctiveness
- Sadri Maksudi Садри Максуди Tatar lawyer and Duma deputy who headed the national administration of Idel-Ural
- Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin Иван Александрович Ильин Hegelian legal philosopher who deemed October a 'national catastrophe' and became a White émigré ideologue
- Noman Çelebicihan Номан Челебиджихан First head of the Crimean People’s Republic, the first elected mufti of Crimea and the poet of the Crimean Tatar anthem
- Mustafa Shokay Мустафа Шокай Kazakh nationalist who led the Kokand Autonomy and dreamed of an independent Turkestan
- Ahmet-Zaki Validi Әхмәтзәки Вәлиди Leader of the Bashkir national movement who proclaimed Bashkir autonomy, commanded the Bashkir Army and took it over to the Soviet side