People of the Revolution and the USSR
- Mykhailo Hrushevsky Михайло Грушевський Historian who wrote Ukraine as a distinct historical subject, and chairman of the Central Rada
- E. H. Carr E. H. Carr Author of the 14-volume History of Soviet Russia; diagnosed a "latent incompatibility" between NEP markets and planning
- Isaac Deutscher Isaac Deutscher Marxist historian of Trotsky's definitive biography, who coined the 'non-Jewish Jew'
- Burnett Bolloten Burnett Bolloten A painstaking archival historian of the Spanish Civil War
- Gordon Skilling Harold Gordon Skilling The Canadian political scientist who chronicled the Prague Spring
- Vladimir Žerjavić Vladimir Žerjavić The demographer who recalculated Yugoslavia’s wartime losses
- Charles Bettelheim Charles Bettelheim French Marxist economist who theorized the USSR as state capitalism and shaped Third World development economics
- Arthur M. Schlesinger Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. A liberal historian who became an insider chronicler of power
- Eric Hobsbawm Eric Hobsbawm Historian of revolution’s social foundations and later memory
- Robert Conquest George Robert Acworth Conquest A Cold War historian who dissected the Stalin era
- Israel Getzler ישראל גצלר Historian who interpreted the Kronstadt uprising as the last stand of Soviet democracy
- Bogoljub Kočović Bogoljub Kočović An independent statistician who recalculated Yugoslavia’s wartime losses
- Claudio Pavone Claudio Pavone A historian who clarified the Resistance's moral choices and the war's layered character
- Gabriel Jackson Gabriel Jackson An American historian who interpreted the Spanish Republic and Civil War
- Mikhail Ivanovich Semiryaga Михаил Иванович Семиряга Soviet military historian who first broke the official silence on Winter War casualties, revealing 53,522 dead
- Richard Edgar Pipes Richard Pipes The Cold War's leading conservative interpreter of Russian history who framed October as a coup
- Martin Edward Malia Martin Edward Malia A historian who forecast the Soviet collapse
- Stuart Schram Stuart R. Schram Pioneer of Mao studies, author of The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung and editor of the ten-volume Mao’s Road to Power
- Robert W. Davies Robert W. Davies The British economic historian who built the seven-volume chronicle of Soviet industrialisation
- Karel Kosík Karel Kosík A non-dogmatic Marxist who reflected on the Prague Spring
- Pierre Broué Pierre Broué A committed historian of revolutionary movements
- Robert Vincent Daniels Robert Vincent Daniels A historian who traced revolutionary pluralism and the making of Stalinism
- Alexandr Alexandrovich Fursenko Александр Александрович Фурсенко The historian who first reconstructed the Cuban Missile Crisis from Soviet archives
- Sergo Anastasi Mikoyan Серго Анастасович Микоян A historian who reconstructed the Cold War’s hidden record
- Yuly Yakovlevich Olsevich Юлий Яковлевич Ольсевич Soviet economist who identified two incompatible regulators, plan and quasi-market, as the core contradiction of the Kosygin reform
- Vladimir Treml Vladimir Treml A scholar who quantified the Soviet economy's hidden flows
- Grigori Fedotovich Krivosheyev Григорий Фёдорович Кривошеев The statistician who made Soviet war losses countable
- Roderick MacFarquhar Roderick MacFarquhar Harvard sinologist whose Origins of the Cultural Revolution trilogy and Mao’s Last Revolution dissected China’s elite politics
- Paul Avrich Paul Avrich Historian who pioneered the history of Russian and American anarchism
- Maurice Meisner Maurice Meisner Historian whose Mao’s China and After judged the Chinese revolution critically from within the Marxist tradition
- Hugh Thomas Hugh Thomas The historian who made the Spanish Civil War a global narrative
- Robert Owen Paxton Robert Owen Paxton The historian who recast Vichy collaboration
- Yaacov Ro'i יעקב רועי A historian linking Soviet social and Jewish histories
- Vladislav Alexandrovich Kutuzov Владислав Александрович Кутузов The Soviet historian who laid the foundation of Leningrad Affair studies
- Theodore Merrill Vestal Theodore Vestal U.S. political scientist and Ethiopia specialist
- Alexander Yevgenyevich Rabinowitch Alexander Evgen'evich Rabinowitch The revisionist historian who overturned the Cold War coup thesis with archival evidence
- Martin McCauley Martin McCauley A British historian of modern Soviet history
- Stanley G. Payne Stanley G. Payne America's most prominent historian arguing the Second Republic's radicalization brought on the Spanish Civil War
- Alan S. Milward Alan S. Milward The British economic historian whose archival work recast postwar European recovery and integration
- Edvard Stanislavovich Radzinsky Эдвард Станиславович Радзинский A popular historian who reconstructed Russia’s tragedies through archives and drama
- Leonid Yanovich Gibianskii Леонид Янович Гибианский The historian whose archival discoveries rewrote the study of the Tito-Stalin split
- Vojtech Mastny Vojtěch Mastný A historian who opened the Cold War archives
- Grigory Isaakovich Khanin Григорий Исаакович Ханин The economist who exposed Soviet growth statistics as an 84-fold exaggeration and recalculated the real record
- Ronald Radosh Ronald Radosh A historian whose break with communism led to conservative anti-communism
- Archie Brown Archie Brown The British political scientist who argued Gorbachev's individual leadership was the decisive factor in transforming the Soviet system
- Stephen F. Frand Cohen Stephen F. Cohen American Russia scholar who argued through Bukharin's biography that the Soviet Union had reformable alternatives and collapse was avoidable
- Yuri Nikolayevich Zhukov Юрий Николаевич Жуков A historian who reopened the question of responsibility in the Stalin era
- Samuel Farber Samuel Farber American sociologist who reopened the debate on the Cuban Revolution
- Graham Allison Graham Allison Political scientist whose analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis reshaped the study of foreign-policy decision-making
- Ronald Grigor Suny Ronald Grigor Suny The historian who argued the USSR built nations, not destroyed them, the 'revenge of the past' thesis