People of the Revolution and the USSR

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Any Political and party leadership 37 Government and administration 24 Legislature and state representation 2 Monarchs and royalty 2 Military command 37 Security, intelligence and policing 6 Diplomacy and international organization 5 Economy, finance and planning 1 Industry and production 1 Ideology and propaganda 2 Social movements and organizing 21 Scholarship and theory 8 Literature and arts 5 Religion 2
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Any Jacobins and French revolutionary radicals 1 Liberalism and republicanism 1
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Any Hungary 4 Russia 4 France 2 Poland 2 Ukraine 2 Congo - Brazzaville 1 Latvia 1 Lithuania 1 Mongolia 1
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People of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era

The Revolution and the Napoleonic era1774–1830 2
Religion Background: France Clear all

Emmanuel Sieyès

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
French revolutionary movement Liberalism and republicanism France France 1748–1836

Clergyman and political theorist of Third Estate sovereignty

Amid the 1788–1789 Estates-General crisis he identified the Third Estate with the whole nation, and later ended the Directory through the coup of 18 Brumaire.

A clergyman and political theorist, Sieyès linked the Third Estate to the nation in his 1789 pamphlet What Is the Third Estate? He helped bring the National Assembly into being and later sat with the Plain in the National Convention. Near the end of the Directory he participated in the coup of Brumaire and helped establish the Consulate.

Career timeline
  • 1775–1788Secretary and deputy to the bishop of Tréguier, then vicar general and chancellor of the diocese of Chartres; sat in the Estates of Brittany.
  • 1789Published What Is the Third Estate?; as a Third Estate deputy he pushed for the National Assembly and joined the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
  • 1792–1795Sat in the National Convention, voted for the death of Louis XVI, and served on a diplomatic mission to The Hague in 1795.
  • 1799Made a Director in May; helped lead the coup of 18 Brumaire and became a provisional Consul of the Consulate.
  • 1799–1830Served in the Sénat conservateur, was expelled from the Academy after the Restoration, left for Brussels, and returned to France after the July Revolution.
  • 1836Died in Paris aged 88; unpublished manuscripts credit him with the first use of the term sociologie.

Jacques Roux

Jacques Roux
Enragés Jacobins and French revolutionary radicals France France 1752–1794 ✕ Died by suicide in prison

Enragé priest who demanded controls on subsistence prices

The leading spokesman of the Enragés, he demanded action against the wealthy in the name of poor Parisians' survival, presented the Enragés' programme to the Convention in 1793, and was arrested amid Montagnard and Jacobin attacks.

A priest and radical activist in Paris’s Gravilliers section, Roux became a leading figure among the Enragés. He attacked food monopoly and speculation, demanded forceful price controls and economic equality, and presented the Enragés’ programme to the Convention in 1793. Arrested after attacks from Montagnard and Jacobin leaders, he died by suicide in prison.

Career timeline
  • 1791Elected to the Paris Commune.
  • 1793When food-price riots broke out in Paris, he defended such direct action.
  • 1793Presented the Enragés' programme to the Convention: the 25 June address demanding taxation of necessities and punishment of speculators.
  • 1793Arrested in August, released, then rearrested on 5 September and interned at Sainte-Pélagie.
  • 1794On being sent before the Revolutionary Tribunal, he tried twice to kill himself in prison and died on 10 February.