People of the Revolution and the USSR

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People of the Soviet Union

The revolutionary generation1917–1940 2
Scholarship and theory Background: Latvia Clear all

Genrikh Khristoforovich Eiche

Генрих Христофорович Эйхе
Soviet Latvia 1893–1968 ○ Natural causes

Red commander who drove Kolchak's retreat to its collapse

In late 1919, Eiche's 5th Army drove Kolchak's retreat from the Tobol through Omsk and Tomsk to Krasnoyarsk.

Genrikh Eiche was a Latvian-born revolutionary, Red Army commander and military historian. On the Eastern Front in 1919, he led the 26th Rifle Division in bold operations against White rear areas, then commanded the 5th Army as Kolchak's forces retreated from the Tobol deep into Siberia. He later helped consolidate the Far Eastern Republic militarily, but was imprisoned on false charges during the Great Purge and rehabilitated in 1954.

Career timeline
  • 1915–1917Company commander and staff captain, 245th Infantry Regiment, Imperial Russian Army
  • 1917Chairman, Military Revolutionary Committee of the 245th Infantry Regiment
  • 1918–1919Red Army regimental and brigade commander on the Eastern Front
  • 1919Commander, 26th Rifle Division
  • 1919–1920Commander, 5th Army
  • 1920–1921Commander-in-chief, People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic
  • 1922Soviet forces commander in Belarus and the Fergana region
  • 1924–1936Official in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade
  • 1954–1968Military historian and author on the Civil War

Jan Ernestovich Sten

Ян Эрнестович Стэн
Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks Soviet communism Soviet Latvia 1899–1937 ✕ Executed

Marxist philosopher who went from Stalin's Hegel tutor to Right Opposition conspirator

When Stalin failed to grasp Hegelian dialectics, the hot-tempered Latvian philosopher grabbed his pupil by the lapels in his Kremlin office and shook him. After a lesson, he told a friend: 'Koba will do things that will put the trials of Dreyfus and Beilis in the shade.'

A Latvian Marxist philosopher who, after graduating in the first cohort of the Institute of Red Professors, gave Stalin private tutorials in Hegelian dialectics and helped institutionalize Soviet philosophy. He broke with Stalin in 1928 to join Bukharin's Right Opposition, was exiled in the 1932 'Union of Marxists-Leninists' case, briefly rehabilitated, then executed in 1937.

Career timeline
  • 1914Joined RSDLP in Latvia
  • 1921–1924First cohort, philosophy department, Institute of Red Professors
  • 1925–1928Gave Stalin private lectures on Hegelian dialectics
  • 1927–1928Deputy head, Agitprop Department, CC VKP(b)
  • 1928–1930Deputy director, Marx-Engels Institute
  • 1932Expelled from party, arrested in 'Union of Marxists-Leninists' case, exiled
  • 1934–1936Released, edited Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  • 1937Rearrested and executed