People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity(set)
Any Political and party leadership 13 Government and administration 9 Monarchs and royalty 4 Military command 34 Security, intelligence and policing 6 Economy, finance and planning 1 Industry and production 1 Agriculture and land policy 2 Ideology and propaganda 1 Social movements and organizing 1 Scholarship and theory 1 Science and technology 1 Literature and arts 1 Religion 2 Law and justice 2
Affiliation

Most people

Any Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1

All 1 affiliations

Russia

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1
Position(set)
Any Imperial establishment and White movement 1 Counter-revolutionary forces 2 Left critics of Bolshevism 4 Socialist-bloc reform leader 8 Dissident 4 Anarchists 2 Non-Bolshevik socialists 14 Narodniks 7 National liberation and anti-colonial movements 1 Russian revolutionary democrats 4 Western Marxist theorists 10 Marxism and communism 44 Early socialism 3 Revolutionary socialism 1 Liberalism and republicanism 8 Conservatism and Christian democracy 1 Nationalism 6
Citizenship
Any Soviet Union 1
Background
Any Russia 1
Era
Any

People of the Soviet Union

The old regime and its challengers1905–1917 1
Scholarship and theory Imperial establishment and White movement Clear all

Pyotr Berngardovich Struve

Пётр Бернгардович Струве
Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) Imperial establishment and White movement Soviet Union Russia 1870–1944 ○ Died

From Marxism through liberalism to conservative anti-Bolshevism: the thinker who traced the arc of a Russian intelligentsia

Vasily Shulgin recalled asking him: “So you too should have been crushed?” Struve, trembling his white beard, rose and shouted: “Yes! Me first! The moment a revolutionary raises his head — whack! — a rifle butt to the skull!”

A thinker who moved from legal Marxism through liberal activism, co-founding the Union of Liberation and contributing to Vekhi (1909), to becoming a White ideologue. He wrote the first RSDLP Manifesto (1898) and sustained anti-Bolshevik scholarship in emigration.

Career timeline
  • 1894Critical Notes on Russia's Economic Development, leading legal Marxist
  • 1898Drafted the Manifesto of the 1st RSDLP Congress
  • 1902–1905Edited Osvobozhdenie; co-founded the Union of Liberation
  • 1905–1915Kadet CC member; contributor to Vekhi (1909)
  • 1907Deputy to the Second State Duma (Petersburg)
  • 1917Full Academician; Director of Economic Dept, MFA
  • 1918–1920White ideologue; foreign relations for Denikin and Wrangel
  • 1921–1944Émigré editor and scholar, Vozrozhdenie and other journals