People of the Revolution and the USSR

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The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 1
Anarchists Background: Germany Clear all

Gustav Landauer

Gustav Landauer
Anarchists German German Jewish 1870–1919 ✕ Beaten and shot

German anarchist thinker who served in Bavaria’s revolutionary government and was killed by counterrevolutionary troops in 1919.

The state is a social relationship. Create new communities, and it can be replaced by a different social relationship.

Landauer argued that the state was not merely an apparatus to overthrow but a social relationship that could be replaced by creating voluntary communities. In 1908 he founded the Socialist Bund to pursue socialism through cooperatives and communal association. He opposed the First World War and came to Munich at Kurt Eisner’s request in 1918 to support the revolution. In April 1919 he joined the Bavarian Soviet Republic as Commissioner for Enlightenment and Public Instruction. After government forces crushed the republic, he was arrested and killed at Stadelheim Prison on 2 May.

Career timeline
  • 1908Founded the Socialist Bund
  • 1918Came to Munich at Kurt Eisner’s request to support the revolutionary government
  • 1919Commissioner for Enlightenment and Public Instruction in the Bavarian Soviet Republic