Revolutionary journalist whose Le Père Duchesne spoke to a sans-culotte readership
Founder of Le Père Duchesne, which became the voice of the Parisian sans-culottes, and a leading figure behind the fall of the Girondins in 1793; pressed radical dechristianisation, was arrested with his followers in March 1794 and guillotined on 24 March.
A journalist of the French Revolution and deputy prosecutor of the Paris Commune. The earthy, popular language of Le Père Duchesne, founded in 1790, gave him influence among sans-culotte readers and he became prominent in the Cordeliers Club. In 1793 he attacked the Girondins and supported stronger economic controls and dechristianisation. The “Hébertists” were not a formal party but a label for overlapping newspaper, Cordelier, and Commune networks. After a failed call for insurrection, revolutionary government arrested him and he was executed on 24 March 1794.
Career timeline
- 1790Founded the popular revolutionary newspaper Le Père Duchesne
- 1791–1792Prominent Cordelier; deputy prosecutor of the Paris Commune
- 1793Attacked the Girondins and backed sans-culotte demands and dechristianisation
- 1794.03Arrested after a failed call for insurrection; executed on 24 March
Paris Commune prosecutor prominent in dechristianisation
As the Commune’s procurator he linked social policy to sans-culotte pressure, advanced the Terror and dechristianisation, opposed women’s political activity, and split with Robespierre before his 1794 execution.
As procurator of the Paris Commune, Chaumette was involved in urban policies on prices, relief, and public education as well as radical popular politics. He became a prominent promoter of dechristianisation in 1793 and was close to Hébert and Cordelier networks. He was arrested after the government’s purge of the Hébertists and executed in April 1794.
Career timeline
- 1790As a member of the Jacobin Club, he edited the radical Revolutions de Paris journal.
- 1792In August he became chief procurator of the Paris Commune and was delegated to inspect the prisons with power of arrest during the insurrection of 10 August.
- 1792Elected president of the Commune on 31 October, he defended the municipality before the National Convention and was re-elected on 2 December.
- 1793He helped lead the attack on the Girondins and in October acted as prosecutor at their trial alongside Hébert.
- 1793In September, amid the subsistence crisis, he led popular mobilisation and contributed to the establishment of the Terror.
- 1793He led the dechristianisation campaign, organising the Festival of Reason of 10 November.
- 1794Arrested on 13 March, after the Hébertists’ arrest on 4 March; convicted over the Luxembourg prison plot and guillotined on 13 April.
Cordelier and Hébertist who served as secretary-general of the War Ministry
As secretary-general of the War Ministry he filled its offices with radical patriots; arrested with the Hébertists in March 1794, he was executed on 24 March.
The son of a Paris prison concierge, Vincent worked as a lawyer’s clerk. An early member of the Cordeliers Club, where he served as secretary, he entered the General Council of the Paris Commune after the rising of 10 August 1792. In April 1793 he became secretary-general of the War Ministry under Bouchotte and filled its offices with radical patriots. Arrested in December 1793 and freed the following February, he joined the Hébertist campaign against the Indulgents and the revolutionary government. In the course he appears among those arrested in March 1794 with Hébert, Ronsin, Momoro and others and executed on 24 March. No material evidence was produced for the conspiracy charges against them.
Career timeline
- 1792Entered the General Council of the Paris Commune after 10 August, replacing Fabre d’Églantine.
- 1793Appointed secretary-general of the War Ministry under Bouchotte in April.
- 1793–1794Arrested on 17 December on the orders of the Committee of General Security; released on 2 February.
- 1794Re-arrested with Hébert on 14 March and executed on 24 March.
