Activities and affiliations

Economy, finance and planning Soviet Union 1887–1936 ✕ Executed

A revolutionary who consistently pursued the intra-party left line, from Left Communism to the United Opposition

In February 1918, as chairman of the Moscow Regional Bureau, he led the resolution opposing Lenin's course of accepting the Brest-Litovsk Treaty.

Having joined the Bolsheviks in 1905 and endured six years in tsarist prisons and exile, he led the Left Communists against the Brest-Litovsk Treaty as chairman of the Moscow Regional Bureau in 1918. During the Civil War he served on the Revolutionary Military Council of the 5th Army and chaired the Ufa Revolutionary Committee, then adhered to every major intra-party left opposition: the Democratic Centralists (Decists), the Declaration of the 46 (1923), and the United Opposition (1926–27). Expelled and exiled in 1927, he returned to work as head of the Economic Research Sector of the RSFSR People's Commissariat of Finance, but was arrested and shot in 1936.

Political and party leadership Affiliation unconfirmed 1890–1937 ✕ Executed

Founder of Ukrainian Bolshevism, signatory of the Declaration of the 46

Sentenced to death by Petliura's forces, he escaped wounded at the last moment and hid until the Red Army arrived.

Yakov Drobnis was a Jewish worker-revolutionary who joined the Bolsheviks in 1906 at age sixteen, helped found the Ukrainian Communist Party in 1918 and served on its Central Committee through five convocations. During the Civil War he organized partisan detachments against Petliura and Denikin, chaired the Poltava and Odessa soviets, and served as secretary of the Ukrainian CP Central Committee in 1922. A signatory of the 1923 'Declaration of the 46', the founding document of the Left Opposition, he was expelled in 1927, reinstated in 1930, and executed in 1937 as a defendant at the second Moscow Show Trial.

Social movements and organizing Affiliation unconfirmed 1891–1938 ✕ Executed

The Kosior brother who died in Vorkuta as an oppositionist while his brother ruled Ukraine for Stalin

After signing the Declaration of 46 in 1923 he spent fifteen years as an oppositionist, through expulsion, exile, a political isolator, and a camp, until he was shot.

Born in Węgrów in Poland, he joined the RSDLP in 1906. He was the brother of Stanislav Kosior, and while his brother rose to the Politburo and the leadership of the Ukrainian party, he took the road of the oppositions. He was an instructor for the Moscow metalworkers union in 1919, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the 12th Army and deputy head of the political department of the 14th Army in 1920, chairman of the All-Ukrainian Council of Trade Unions from 1920 to 1922, and chief editor of the trade-union paper Trud from 1922 to 1924. He belonged to the Democratic Centralist group in 1921, signed the Declaration of 46 in 1923, and worked with the Left Opposition thereafter. Expelled in May 1928, he was exiled to Pokrovsk in the Volga German ASSR, and because he kept up the work in exile he was given three years in a political isolator and then five years of exile in Minusinsk. In July 1936 he was sentenced to five years in the camps and held at Ukhta-Pechlag, was arrested again in December 1937, and was shot at Vorkuta on 30 March 1938.