Activities and affiliations

What people did, and whom they served in that activity.

State, movement or organization

All 384 Soviet Union 70 Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 15 Czechoslovakia 13 Poland 11 People’s Republic of China 10 Communist Party of China 9 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 9 Romania 6 Mozambique 1

All 112 affiliations by country

Afghanistan

Afghanistan 3 People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) 2

Albania

Albania 2 Party of Labour of Albania 1

Angola

Angola 2 Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) 1

Australia

Australian Labor Party (ALP) 1

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan state institutions 1

Belgium

Belgium state institutions 1

Brazil

Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) 1

Bulgaria

Bulgaria 3

Cambodia

Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) 1 Democratic Kampuchea 2 People’s Republic of Kampuchea 1

China

Communist Party of China 9 Kuomintang 3 Beiyang government and warlords 1 People’s Republic of China 10

Congo - Brazzaville

Republic of the Congo 2

Cuba

Cuba 1

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia 13 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 2

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

New People's Party of Korea 1 Democratic Party of Korea 1 Workers' Party of North Korea 1 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 4

DR Congo

Congolese National Movement (MNC) 1

East Germany

Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) 2 East Germany 5

Estonia

Popular Front of Estonia (Rahvarinne) 1

Ethiopia

Ethiopia 1

Greece

Communist Party of Greece (KKE) 1

Grenada

New JEWEL Movement (NJM) 1

Guinea-Bissau

African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) 1

Hungary

Hungary 5 Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP) 3

India

Indian National Congress 1

Indonesia

Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) 2

International organizations

Comintern 3

Italy

Communist Party of Italy / Italian Communist Party (PCdI/PCI) 5 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 1 National Fascist Party (PNF) 1

Japan

Japanese Communist Party (JCP) 2

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan state institutions 1

Laos

Laos 1 Lao People's Revolutionary Party 2

Latvia

Popular Front of Latvia 1

Lithuania

Sąjūdis (Reform Movement of Lithuania) 2

Mongolia

Mongolia 5 Mongolian People's Party / Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 1

Mozambique

Mozambique 1 Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) 2

Poland

Poland 11 Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 2 Polish People's Party (PSL) 2 Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 1

Portugal

Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) 1

Romania

Romania 6 Romanian Communist Party (PCR) 1

Russia

Russian Empire 2 Kronstadt Provisional Revolutionary Committee 1 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 6 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 6 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 6 Union of 17 October (Octobrists) 2 Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) 3 Narodnaya Volya 1 General Jewish Labour Bund 1 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 1

South Africa

South African Communist Party (SACP) 1

South Korea

Communist Party of Korea 1

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 15 ↳ Left Communists 1 ↳ Democratic Centralists (Decists) 2 ↳ Workers' Opposition 1 ↳ Workers' Group 1 ↳ Left Opposition 1 Soviet Union 70

Spain

Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 3 Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) 2 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 1

United Kingdom

United Kingdom state institutions 1 Labour Party (United Kingdom) 4 Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) 2 Conservative Party (United Kingdom) 1

United States

United States state institutions 2 Socialist Workers Party (United States) 1 Communist Party USA (CPUSA) 4

Vietnam

Vietnam 3

Yemen

Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) 1 South Yemen 4

Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia 4 Communist Party / League of Communists of Yugoslavia (KPJ/SKJ) 4

Political and party leadership · Mozambique people 1

Clear all

Samora Moisés Machel

Political and party leadership Mozambique

1933–1986 ✕ Killed in crash

The Marxist revolutionary who overthrew Portuguese colonial rule and led Mozambique to independence

“The liberation of Africa is the liberation of the continent, or it is nothing.”

Mozambique's independence leader and first president. As FRELIMO chairman, he waged armed struggle to end Portuguese colonial rule and built a socialist state. A crucial ally of liberation movements against Rhodesia and South African apartheid.

Career timeline

1963Exiled to Tanzania, joins FRELIMO; guerrilla training in Algeria
1966FRELIMO Secretary for Defense
1968Commander-in-chief of the Mozambican liberation army
1970Becomes FRELIMO President; adopts Marxism-Leninism as party ideology
1974Negotiates independence with Portugal's new government — Lusaka Accord
1975–1986First President of the People's Republic of Mozambique
1984Signs the Nkomati non-aggression pact with South Africa
1986.10Killed in plane crash at Mbuzini, South Africa, returning from Zambia

Activity