Proudhonist bronze chaser who wrote the Manifesto of the Sixty and led the First International's Paris office
Born in Paris in 1828, a bronze chaser and close reader of Proudhon, he dreamed of producers' cooperatives funded by credit unions. A member of the workers' delegation to the London Exhibition of 1862, he wrote the Manifesto of the Sixty for independent workers' candidates in 1864. He helped found the International and led its Paris office from 1865, but was fined in 1868 and lost influence defending mutualism at the Brussels congress. Elected deputy for the Seine in February 1871, he disowned the Commune and was expelled from the International on 12 April; from 1876 until his death he was a senator.
Also known as: Henri Louis Tolain
Activities and affiliations
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1864–1871
International Workingmen's Association (First International)Corresponding secretary of the Paris officeMain
Social movements and organizing -
1871–1876
Legislature and state representation
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1876–1897
Legislature and state representation
Career Timeline
- 1862Workers' delegation to the London International Exhibition
- 1864Wrote the Manifesto of the Sixty; took part in founding the International
- 1865–1867Corresponding secretary of the International's Paris office
- 1871Deputy for the Seine; expelled from the International
- 1876–1897Senator for the Seine
Related historical events
- 1852.12.02–1870.09.04The Second Empire and the Revival of the Labour MovementAuthor of the Manifesto of the Sixty, Paris office of the InternationalThe mutualist behind the London delegation, the Manifesto of the Sixty, the founding of the International and its Paris office.
- 1864.09.28–1876.07.15The First International: Founding and SplitParis section secretary, mutualistWrote the Manifesto of the Sixty and helped prepare the founding meeting; he defended private property at Brussels and was expelled in 1871 for disavowing the Commune.