People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity
Any Political and party leadership 9 Government and administration 2 Military command 2 Security, intelligence and policing 3 Ideology and propaganda 2 Social movements and organizing 9
Affiliation(set)

Most people

Any Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1061 Soviet Unionstate 992 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 165 Hungarystate 74 United States state institutionsstate 72 Russian Empirestate 59 Communist Party of China 57 Germany state institutionsstate 52 Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP) 26

All 215 affiliations

Afghanistan

Afghanistanstate 4 People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) 4

Albania

Albaniastate 6 Party of Labour of Albania 4

Algeria

National Liberation Front (FLN, Algeria) 1

Angola

Angolastate 7 Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) 10

Australia

Australian Labor Party (ALP) 1

Austria

Austria state institutionsstate 7

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan state institutionsstate 2

Belarus

Belarus state institutionsstate 5 Belarusian Socialist Hramada 3

Belgium

Belgium state institutionsstate 2

Benin

Beninstate 3

Brazil

Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) 2

Bulgaria

Bulgariastate 3 Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP) 6

Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso state institutionsstate 1

Cambodia

Cambodia state institutionsstate 2 Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) 2 Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP) 2 Democratic Kampucheastate 2 People’s Republic of Kampucheastate 1

Chile

Chile state institutionsstate 1 Communist Party of Chile 1

China

Communist Party of China 57 Kuomintang 11 Qing dynastystate 1 Beiyang government and warlords 3 ↳ Chinese Communist revolutionary forces (before 1949) 2 People’s Republic of Chinastate 41

Congo - Brazzaville

Republic of the Congostate 6 Congolese Party of Labour (PCT) 3

Cuba

Cubastate 5 Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) 5 26th of July Movement 1

Czechia

Czechia state institutionsstate 1

Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakiastate 25 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 25 Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party 4

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) 9 New People's Party of Korea 2 Democratic Party of Korea 2 Workers' Party of North Korea 6 Democratic People’s Republic of Koreastate 7

DR Congo

DR Congo state institutionsstate 1 Congolese National Movement (MNC) 1

East Germany

Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) 22 East Germanystate 20

Estonia

Estonia state institutionsstate 7 Popular Front of Estonia (Rahvarinne) 2

Ethiopia

Ethiopiastate 4 Workers' Party of Ethiopia 1

Finland

Finland state institutionsstate 15 Social Democratic Party of Finland 6 Communist Party of Finland (SKP) 4 National Progressive Party (Finland) 5

France

France state institutionsstate 39 French revolutionary movement 1 French First Republic state institutionsstate 19 Consulate and First Empire state institutionsstate 5 French monarchystate 5 French Communist Party (PCF) 17 French Workers' Party (POF) 3 General Confederation of Labour (CGT, France) 2 Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP/FTPF) 2 Girondins 3 Jacobin Club 1 The Mountain (Montagnards) 4 Cordeliers Club 4 Paris Commune (1789–1795) 3 Feuillants 4 French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 14 Catholic and Royal Army (Vendée) 3 Army of Condé 1 Action Française 1 Enragés 2 Conspiracy of the Equals / Société des Égaux 2 Jacobin Club 12

Georgia

Georgia state institutionsstate 3

Germany

Germany state institutionsstate 52 Nazi party and regime 26 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 36 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 36 Communist Party of Germany Opposition (KPO) 2 Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 5 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 23

Ghana

Ghana state institutionsstate 1

Greece

Greece state institutionsstate 6 Communist Party of Greece (KKE) 2 Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) 1

Grenada

Grenadastate 1 New JEWEL Movement (NJM) 1

Guinea-Bissau

African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) 1

Hungary

Hungarystate 74 Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP) 26 Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) 12 Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSzMP) 14 Hungarian Social Democratic Party (MSZDP) 9 Unity Party (Hungary) 6 Party of National Unity / Party of Hungarian Life (NEP/MÉP) 7 Independent Smallholders' Party (FKGP) 5

India

India state institutionsstate 1 Indian National Congress 2

Indonesia

Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) 3

International organizations

Comintern 29 United Nations 2 International Workingmen's Association (First International) 5 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 2

Israel

Israel state institutionsstate 1

Italy

Italy state institutionsstate 10 Communist Party of Italy / Italian Communist Party (PCdI/PCI) 6 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 7 National Fascist Party (PNF) 3

Japan

Japan state institutionsstate 21 Japanese Communist Party (JCP) 3

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan state institutionsstate 1

Korea

Korean independence movement 1

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan state institutionsstate 1

Laos

Laosstate 4 Lao People's Revolutionary Party 3

Latvia

Latvia state institutionsstate 9 Popular Front of Latvia 1

Lithuania

Lithuania state institutionsstate 10 Sąjūdis (Reform Movement of Lithuania) 2

Madagascar

Madagascarstate 2

Moldova

Moldova state institutionsstate 1

Mongolia

Mongoliastate 5 Mongolian People's Party / Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 7

Mozambique

Mozambiquestate 2 Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) 3

Netherlands

Netherlands state institutionsstate 1

Poland

Polandstate 23 Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 20 Solidarity (Solidarność) 7 Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) 2 Free Trade Unions of the Coast (WZZ) 3 Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 11 Polish Workers' Party (PPR) 12 Polish People's Party (PSL) 3 Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 8 Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK) 1 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 7 Freedom Union (Poland) 5 Democratic Union (Poland) 4

Portugal

Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) 1

Romania

Romaniastate 15 Romanian Communist Party (PCR) 8

Russia

Russian Empirestate 59 Russian White movement 20 Russian Federation state institutionsstate 9 Kronstadt Provisional Revolutionary Committee 1 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 42 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 18 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 12 Union of 17 October (Octobrists) 4 Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) 11 Narodnaya Volya 7 Russian Provisional Governmentstate 5 Russian Orthodox Church 5 General Jewish Labour Bund 5 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 165 Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) 11 United Russia 7 Our Home – Russia 3

Somalia

Somaliastate 3

South Africa

South Africa state institutionsstate 2 South African Communist Party (SACP) 2 African National Congress (ANC) 2 Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) 1

South Korea

South Korea state institutionsstate 2 Communist Party of Korea 3 Workers' Party of South Korea 2

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1061 ↳ Left Communists 5 ↳ Democratic Centralists (Decists) 5 ↳ Workers' Opposition 3 ↳ Workers' Group 1 ↳ Left Opposition 17 ↳ Union of Marxist-Leninists (Ryutin group) 1 Soviet Unionstate 992

Spain

Spain state institutionsstate 2 Spanish Republicstate 10 Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 6 Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) 2 Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 4

Switzerland

Switzerland state institutionsstate 1

Tanzania

Tanzania state institutionsstate 1

Turkey

Turkey state institutionsstate 6

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan state institutionsstate 1

Ukraine

Ukraine state institutionsstate 1 Ukrainian People's Republicstate 8 Ukrainian State (Hetmanate)state 3 ↳ Soviet Ukrainestate 7 Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Makhnovists) 2

United Kingdom

United Kingdom state institutionsstate 28 Labour Party (United Kingdom) 8 Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) 9 Conservative Party (United Kingdom) 5

United States

United States state institutionsstate 72 Socialist Workers Party (United States) 3 Communist Party USA (CPUSA) 12 American Relief Administration (ARA) 1 Democratic Party (United States) 20 Republican Party (United States) 17 Socialist Party of America 7

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan state institutionsstate 1

Vietnam

Vietnamstate 13 Communist Party of Vietnam / Workers' Party of Vietnam 11

Yemen

Yemen state institutionsstate 2 Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) 6 South Yemenstate 4

Yugoslavia

Yugoslaviastate 14 Communist Party / League of Communists of Yugoslavia (KPJ/SKJ) 11
Position
Any Counter-revolutionary forces 1 Socialist-bloc reform leader 3 Western Marxist theorists 1 Marxism and communism 21
Citizenship
Any Hungary 25 Czechoslovakia 1
Background
Any Hungary 24 Czechia 1 Romania 1
Era
Any

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 11 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 15
Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP)
GlossaryParty of Communists in Hungary (KMP)

Sándor Kopácsi

Kopácsi Sándor
Hungary Socialist-bloc reform leader Hungary Hungarian 1922–2001 ○ Natural causes

A police chief who stood between state orders and guns aimed at the people

On 23 October 1956, he refused the order to fire on unarmed demonstrators.

Sándor Kopácsi was a Hungarian police commander who began as a metalworker and anti-Nazi resistance activist, then sought room for reform within the state. As Budapest police chief, he refused on 23 October 1956 to order fire on unarmed demonstrators, cooperated with the uprising, and became deputy commander of the National Guard. Arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Imre Nagy trial, he was released in the 1963 amnesty and later gave the revolution an important insider testimony through his memoir.

Career timeline
  • 1944Joined the MOKÁN anti-Nazi resistance
  • 1945Joined the Hungarian Communist Party and entered the police
  • 1949Director of Internment Affairs, Ministry of the Interior
  • 1952–1956Chief of Police of Budapest
  • 1956Deputy commander of the National Guard
  • 1958Sentenced to life imprisonment in the Imre Nagy trial
  • 1963Released in an amnesty
  • 1975–2001Emigration to Canada and memoir writing

Károly Grósz

Grósz Károly
Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSzMP) Communism Hungary Hungary 1930–1996 ○ Kidney cancer

Hungary's last old-guard party chief, caught between reform and retreat and overtaken by both

"If not, anarchy, chaos and — let there be no illusion — white terror will prevail" (29 Nov 1988)

Born to a working-class family in Miskolc, he joined the party at 14 and climbed steadily through the agitprop and regional apparatus to succeed János Kádár as General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party in May 1988. Championing 'model change' (gradual reform within the communist framework), he soon revealed his limits: his November 1988 speech warning of 'white terror' showed a leader who misread the tempo of transformation entirely. The following year he was sidelined by the radical reform faction of Miklós Németh; after the party reconstituted as the Hungarian Socialist Party, he led its rump hardline successor but failed to win any seat in the 1990 election.

Career timeline
  • 1945Joined Hungarian Communist Party at age 14
  • 1954–1956Head of Agitprop, Borsod county party committee
  • 1974–1979Head of HSWP Central Committee Agitprop Department
  • 1984–1987First Secretary, Budapest Party Committee
  • 1985–1989Member, HSWP Politburo
  • 1987.06–1988.11Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister)
  • 1988.05–1989.10HSWP General Secretary, succeeded Kádár
  • 1989.12–1990Acting chairman of refounded HSWP; lost 1990 election