People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity(set)
Affiliation(set)
Position
Citizenship
Background
Era
GlossaryUnity Party (Hungary)

Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky

Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre
Hungary Nationalism Hungary Hungary 1886–1944 ✕ Executed by hanging

National radical politician who denounced the Novi Sad massacre in parliament and was executed for preparing an anti-Nazi uprising

He was born at Szarvas. In 1923 he founded the Guardians of Race Party with Gömbös but drew away, forming the National Radical Party in 1930; in the 1930s he turned to speaking out against antisemitism. In 1939 he returned to parliament for the Independent Smallholders’ Party. Turning against the war in late 1941, he called in the Christmas issue of Népszava for an Independence Front to take Hungary out of the war and bring land reform and universal suffrage; in January 1942 he warned Bárdossy of the coming Novi Sad massacre and then denounced it in parliament as “a state-organized pogrom”. Wounded in a gunfight resisting arrest when the Germans occupied Hungary on 19 March 1944, he was freed in October and in November elected president of the Liberation Committee of the Hungarian National Uprising, but was arrested again and hanged at Sopronkőhida on 24 December.

Career timeline
  • 1908Doctorate in law
  • 1914–1918Served with the hussars
  • 1922Elected deputy for the Unity Party
  • 1923Co-founded the Guardians of Race Party with Gömbös
  • 1930Founded the National Radical Party
  • 1939–1944Deputy for the Independent Smallholders’ Party
  • 1944President of the Liberation Committee; arrested and executed

Iván Héjjas

Héjjas Iván
Hungary Counter-revolutionary forces Hungary Hungary 1890–1950 ○ Died of illness in exile

White Terror commander whose detachment around Kecskemét carried out the Orgovány killings and the Izsák pogrom

Born into a wealthy peasant family in Kecskemét, he was a fighter pilot in the Austro-Hungarian Aviation Troops by the end of the First World War. In Szeged in 1919 Horthy’s chief of staff ordered him to “make order” around Kecskemét, and he became the de facto military governor of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve. His men took abducted people to the forest of Orgovány to be tortured and executed and staged a pogrom at Izsák; about a third of their victims were Jewish. Because he did not back King Charles’s return in 1921, Horthy’s amnesty shielded him, and he sat in parliament from 1927 to 1931. After the war he was sentenced to death in absentia, and he died of illness in Vigo, Spain, in 1950.

Career timeline
  • 1916–1918Serves in the Austro-Hungarian army; fighter pilot
  • 1919Commands the detachment around Kecskemét
  • 1919Orgovány killings; Izsák pogrom
  • 1921Uprising in West Hungary
  • 1927–1931Member of parliament
  • 1944–1950Exile; sentenced to death in absentia