People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity
Any Political and party leadership 1
Affiliation(set)

Most people

Any Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1008 Soviet Unionstate 963 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 144 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 19 Left Opposition 16 Comintern 16 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 15 Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) 11 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 1

All 50 affiliations

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) 2 Workers' Party of North Korea 1 Democratic People’s Republic of Koreastate 1

Estonia

Estonia state institutionsstate 1

Finland

Social Democratic Party of Finland 2 Communist Party of Finland (SKP) 3

France

French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1

Georgia

Georgia state institutionsstate 1

Germany

Nazi party and regime 2 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 3 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 1

International organizations

Comintern 16

Italy

Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 1

Latvia

Latvia state institutionsstate 1

Lithuania

Lithuania state institutionsstate 1

Mongolia

Mongoliastate 1 Mongolian People's Party / Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 1

Poland

Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) 1 Communist Party of Poland (KPP) 4 Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 6 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 1

Russia

Russian Empirestate 5 Russian White movement 1 Russian Federation state institutionsstate 5 Kronstadt Provisional Revolutionary Committee 1 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 19 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 15 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 7 Union of 17 October (Octobrists) 1 Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets) 4 Narodnaya Volya 2 Russian Orthodox Church 1 General Jewish Labour Bund 3 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 144 Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) 11 United Russia 6 Our Home – Russia 1

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1008 ↳ Left Communists 5 ↳ Democratic Centralists (Decists) 5 ↳ Workers' Opposition 3 ↳ Workers' Group 1 ↳ Left Opposition 16 ↳ Union of Marxist-Leninists (Ryutin group) 1 Soviet Unionstate 963

Ukraine

Ukrainian People's Republicstate 2 Ukrainian State (Hetmanate)state 1 ↳ Soviet Ukrainestate 5 Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (Makhnovists) 2
Position
Any Non-Bolshevik socialists 1 Marxism and communism 1
Citizenship(set)
Any Italy 6 Soviet Union 1
Background
Any Russia 1
Era
Any

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 1
Italian Socialist Party (PSI) Citizenship: Soviet Union Clear all
GlossaryItalian Socialist Party (PSI)

Angelica Isaakovna Balabanova

Анжелика Исааковна Балабанова
Comintern Communism Soviet Union Russia 1878–1965 ○ Natural causes

The Comintern's first secretary, who taught Mussolini and branded him traitor

"I had never seen a more wretched human being" — on first meeting Mussolini in Lausanne

Russian-born Italian socialist. First secretary of the Comintern, she taught Mussolini Marxism and publicly denounced him as a traitor when he embraced fascism. She broke with Bolshevism in 1922 and led Italy's maximalist socialist faction.

Career timeline
  • 1897Left Russia for Brussels; earned a doctorate in philosophy and literature at the New University
  • 1900Joined the Italian Socialist Party (PSI); organised immigrant textile workers
  • 1912–1914PSI Central Committee member and Avanti! editor; worked alongside Mussolini
  • 1915–1916Participated in the Zimmerwald and Kienthal anti-war conferences
  • 1917Returned to Russia and joined the Bolshevik Party
  • 1919–1920First secretary of the Comintern; organised the 1st and 2nd Congresses
  • 1922–1930Broke with Bolshevism; returned to Italy to lead the PSI maximalist faction
  • 1930–1945Led the PSIm (Maximalist Socialist Party); anti-fascist work in Swiss, French, and US exile