People of the Revolution and the USSR
- Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky Александр Петрович Карпинский First elected Academy president who steered science through the Revolution
- Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko Николай Александрович Семашко Founder of Soviet public health who designed free universal healthcare (the 'Semashko model')
- Ivan Terentyevich Kleymenov Иван Терентьевич Клеймёнов The organiser who turned rocket research into a state institution
- Lev Ilyich Rusinov Лев Ильич Русинов An experimental physicist who explored fission and nuclear isomerism