People of the Revolution and the USSR
- Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich Яков Борисович Зельдович Three-time Hero of Socialist Labor, a self-taught physicist who became the theorist of Soviet nuclear weapons and a giant of cosmology
- Zhores Ivanovich Alferov Жорес Иванович Алфёров Communist physicist whose semiconductor heterostructures opened the IT era