People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity
Any Economy, finance and planning 1 Agriculture and land policy 1 Education 1
Affiliation(set)

Soviet institution line

Any Central planning agencies 1

Most people

Any Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 19 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 19 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 12 Germany state institutions 9 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 9 French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 8 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 8 Labour Party (United Kingdom) 6 Soviet Union state institutions 2

All 44 affiliations

Australia

Australian Labor Party (ALP) 1

Austria

Austria state institutions 1

Belarus

Belarus state institutions 2 Belarusian Socialist Hramada 2

Belgium

Belgium state institutions 1

Chile

Chile state institutions 1

East Germany

Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) 2

Finland

Finland state institutions 1 Social Democratic Party of Finland 2

France

France state institutions 5 French Workers' Party (POF) 2 General Confederation of Labour (CGT, France) 1 French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 8

Georgia

Georgia state institutions 2

Germany

Germany state institutions 9 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 3 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 19 Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 8

Hungary

Hungary state institutions 5 Hungarian Social Democratic Party (MSZDP) 3

International organizations

Comintern 1 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 1

Italy

Italy state institutions 1 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 3

Poland

Poland state institutions 1 Polish Socialist Party (PPS) 1

Romania

Romania state institutions 2

Russia

Russian Empire state institutions 2 Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 19 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 2 Mensheviks (RSDLP) 9 Russian Provisional Government state institutions 3 Russian Orthodox Church 1 General Jewish Labour Bund 1 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 12

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 3 Soviet Union state institutions 2

Spain

Spanish Republic state institutions 2 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 3

Ukraine

Ukrainian People's Republic state institutions 1

United Kingdom

United Kingdom state institutions 1 Labour Party (United Kingdom) 6

United States

Democratic Party (United States) 1 Socialist Party of America 2
Position(set)
Any Imperial establishment and White movement 1 Counter-revolutionary forces 2 Left critics of Bolshevism 19 Socialist-bloc reform leader 7 Dissident 3 Anarchists 1 Non-Bolshevik socialists 2 Marxism and communism 955 Nationalism 2
Citizenship
Any Belarus 1 Soviet Union 1
Background
Any Belarus 1 Germany 1
Era
Any

People of the Soviet Union

The revolutionary generation1917–1940 1

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 1
Soviet Union state institutions Non-Bolshevik socialists Clear all

Vladimir Gustavovich Groman

Владимир Густавович Громан
Soviet Union state institutions Soviet communism Soviet Union Germany 1874–1940 → Died in prison

The Menshevik statistician who designed Gosplan's early control figures and balance method, leading voice of genetic planning

December 27, 1929, at the All-Union Conference of Marxist Agrarians. Stalin, from the rostrum, aimed directly at Groman's theory that 'the October Revolution gave the peasantry less than the February Revolution.' When a voice from the audience asked 'Who was it?' Stalin answered: 'It was Groman.' In that moment, genetic planning received its political death sentence.

Statistician and economist, born in Moscow to a German father and Russian mother. Joined the RSDLP in 1898 as a Menshevik, co-authoring the agrarian program; as head of the Penza statistical bureau he developed a multi-phase sampling method. After the February Revolution he chaired the Petrograd food-supply commission, and in 1921 joined Gosplan where he headed the Conjunctural Institute, designing the first Control Figures and the balance method. With Bazarov he championed the genetic planning approach; after Stalin's public condemnation he was arrested in 1930 and as lead defendant in the 1931 Menshevik Trial received ten years, dying in the Suzdal camp.

Career timeline
  • 1894–1908Entered Moscow University; expelled for revolutionary activity; graduated externally 1908
  • 1898–1905Joined RSDLP; stayed Menshevik after 2nd Congress; co-authored agrarian program; began statistical work in exile in Vyatka and Yenisei
  • 1909–1914Headed Penza provincial statistical bureau; developed multi-phase sampling method for peasant household surveys
  • 1917–1918After February Revolution: chairman of Petrograd Soviet food commission and Central Food Administration; after October: Northern Regional Food Administration head
  • 1921–1926Headed Gosplan's Conjunctural Institute; designed first Control Figures and the balance method; formulated 'restorative growth' concept
  • 1926–1929Chaired Gosplan agricultural section; with Bazarov championed genetic planning; publicly condemned by Stalin at All-Union Conference of Marxist Agrarians
  • 1930–1940Arrested in 'Union Bureau of Mensheviks' case; 1931 trial: 10 years; died in Suzdal ITL 1940; rehabilitated 1991

Jan Sierada

Ян Серада
Belarus state institutions Non-Bolshevik socialists Belarus Belarus 1879–1943 이후 Fate unknown

Veterinarian who chaired the First All-Belarusian Congress and, as chairman of the Rada, presided over the declaration of independence

Born in Zadzvieja in the Minsk Governorate in 1879, he graduated from the veterinary school in Warsaw in 1903 and worked as a veterinarian and as a teacher at the agricultural college in Marjina Horka. He served in the Russo-Japanese War and was active in the Belarusian Socialist Hramada. Elected chairman of the First All-Belarusian Congress in December 1917, he was arrested when it was dispersed. In February 1918 he was a Belarusian delegate at the Brest-Litovsk peace talks; as chairman of the Rada from March he presided over the session of 24–25 March that proclaimed independence, and from July to November he headed the People’s Secretariat. In the 1920s he worked in agriculture in Soviet Byelorussia; arrested in 1930 in the case of the “Union of Liberation of Belarus”, he passed through exile and the Gulag, and his fate after his release in 1943 is unknown.

Career timeline
  • 1907–1911Veterinarian in the Minsk Governorate; teacher at the Marjina Horka agricultural college
  • 1917Chairman of the First All-Belarusian Congress
  • 1918Member of the Belarusian delegation at the Brest-Litovsk peace talks
  • 1918Chairman of the Rada of the Belarusian People’s Republic
  • 1918Chairman of the People’s Secretariat and secretary for foreign affairs
  • 1925–1929Docent at the Belarusian Agricultural Academy