People of the Revolution and the USSR
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Enver Pasha İsmail Enver Paşa
War minister among the Three Pashas who took the Ottomans into the war and was a main perpetrator of the Armenian genocide
Military command · Turkey state institutions
1881–1922
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Gallipoli commander who led the national movement and founded the Republic of Turkey as its first president
Political and party leadership · Turkey state institutions
1881–1938
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Kâzım Karabekir Kâzım Karabekir
Eastern Front commander of the Turkish War of Independence who invaded Armenia in 1920 and imposed the Treaty of Alexandropol
Military command · Turkey state institutions
1882–1948
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İsmet İnönü İsmet İnönü
Officer who negotiated the Treaty of Lausanne and succeeded Atatürk as Turkey’s second president
Political and party leadership · Turkey state institutions
1884–1973