People of the Revolution and the USSR
- Yuan Shikai 袁世凯 The Beiyang strongman who took over the 1911 revolution and tried to make himself emperor
- Zhang Zuolin 张作霖 The warlord who dominated Manchuria
- Wang Jingwei 汪精卫 Sun Yat-sen’s heir and Kuomintang left leader who ended as head of the Japanese-sponsored Nanjing regime
- Chiang Kai-shek 蔣介石 Nationalist leader who combined resistance to Japan with anti-communist rule
- Hu Shih 胡适 The liberal of the New Culture Movement who led the vernacular-language campaign and later served the Nationalists as a diplomat
- Soong Ziwen 宋子文 A Nationalist technocrat who bridged finance and diplomacy
- Tsiang Tingfu 蒋廷黻 The Nationalist diplomat whose presence at the Security Council table triggered the Soviet walkout
- Zhang Xueliang 张学良 The “Young Marshal” who detained Chiang Kai-shek at Xi’an and opened the way to the second united front
- Puyi 溥仪 Last emperor of the Qing, puppet emperor of Manchukuo, and a “remoulded” citizen of the People’s Republic