People of the Revolution and the USSR
Non-Bolshevik socialists
Citizenship: Germany
The revolutionary wave and the world war 1917–1945
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- Carl Legien Carl Legien German trade-union leader who signed the 1918 agreement with Stinnes and met the Kapp Putsch of 1920 with a general strike
- Hugo Haase Hugo Haase Lawyer who founded the USPD against the war and co-chaired the Council of People’s Deputies with Ebert in 1918
- Philipp Scheidemann Philipp Scheidemann SPD politician who proclaimed the republic from a Reichstag window on 9 November 1918 and became Weimar’s first head of government
- Kurt Eisner Kurt Eisner Journalist who overthrew the Bavarian monarchy in Munich in November 1918, proclaimed the People’s State and was assassinated the next year
- Gustav Noske Gustav Noske SPD defence minister who said “someone has to be the bloodhound” and used the Freikorps to crush the left risings of 1919
- Gustav Bauer Gustav Bauer Social Democratic chancellor whose government accepted the Treaty of Versailles under an Allied ultimatum
- Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert SPD leader who headed the revolutionary government of 1918, steered the councils into parliamentary democracy and became the first president
- Arthur Crispien Arthur Crispien German social-democratic politician and co-chair of the Independent Social Democratic Party.
- Hermann Müller Hermann Müller A Social Democratic politician of the Weimar Republic who served twice as chancellor.
- Paul Levi Paul Levi From Rosa Luxemburg's lawyer to KPD leader, his 'anti-putschism' took on Comintern adventurism
- Ernst Toller Ernst Toller German Jewish Expressionist playwright who took part in the Bavarian revolution