People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity
Any Political and party leadership 1 Military command 1
Affiliation

Most people

Any Italy state institutions 1 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 1 National Fascist Party (PNF) 1

All 3 affiliations

Italy

Italy state institutions 1 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 1 National Fascist Party (PNF) 1
Position(set)
Any Counter-revolutionary forces 2 Non-Bolshevik socialists 2 Fascists and Nazis 3 Western Marxist theorists 1 Marxism and communism 5 Liberalism and republicanism 1 Monarchy and royalism 1
Citizenship(set)
Any Germany 31 France 25 Hungary 23 United States 17 Japan 12 Poland 8 Russia 5 Finland 4 United Kingdom 4 Vietnam 4 Czechoslovakia 3 Greece 3 Ukraine 3 Uzbekistan 3 Cambodia 2 Italy 2 Romania 2 South Korea 2 Afghanistan 1 Austria 1 China 1 Cuba 1 Ethiopia 1 Laos 1 Latvia 1 Lithuania 1 Soviet Union 1 Spain 1 Yugoslavia 1
Background
Any Italy 2
Era
Any

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 2
Counter-revolutionary forces Citizenship: Italy Clear all

Pietro Badoglio

Pietro Badoglio
Italy state institutions Counter-revolutionary forces Italy Italian 1871–1956 ○ Natural causes

A marshal who served Fascism before steering Italy's turn

When the armistice was announced on 8 September 1943, Badoglio's government left Rome and headed south for Allied protection.

Pietro Badoglio was an Italian royal army officer and colonial commander who enforced imperial violence in Libya and Ethiopia. A central military official under Mussolini, he resigned after the failure of the 1940 Greek campaign and later helped the monarchy remove the dictator. As prime minister after Mussolini's fall in 1943, he arranged Italy's armistice with the Allies, but the confused announcement and flight of the royal government left Italian forces unprepared for German disarmament and the collapse of state authority.

Career timeline
  • 1890Commissioned as an artillery officer in the Italian Royal Army
  • 1916Directed the capture of Monte Sabotino in the First World War
  • 1925–1940Chief of the Italian General Staff
  • 1929–1933Governor of Libya, directing repression and internment policies
  • 1935–1936Commander of the invasion of Ethiopia, capturing Addis Ababa
  • 1943–1944Prime minister after Mussolini's fall, signing Italy's armistice with the Allies
  • 1944Resigned as prime minister and withdrew from political life

Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini
National Fascist Party (PNF) Fascists and Nazis Italy Italian 1883–1945 ✕ Executed

The dictator who turned fascism into state power

On 25 July 1943, the king dismissed Mussolini as prime minister and had him arrested.

A socialist journalist turned nationalist during the First World War, Mussolini founded fascism as a movement claiming to overcome class conflict through the nation. After the March on Rome made him prime minister in 1922, he used political violence and institutional change to transform liberal Italy into a one-party dictatorship. Colonial war, alliance with Nazi Germany, and entry into the Second World War brought military defeat and political collapse. Overthrown in 1943, he headed the German-backed Italian Social Republic in the north until partisans captured and executed him in 1945.

Career timeline
  • 1912Editor of the Italian Socialist Party paper Avanti!
  • 1919Founded the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento
  • 1921Leader of the National Fascist Party
  • 1922–1943Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy
  • 1925–1943Fascist dictator, Il Duce
  • 1940–1943Directed Italy’s entry into and conduct of the Second World War
  • 1943–1945Head of the Italian Social Republic