People of the Revolution and the USSR
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Lucjan Żeligowski Lucjan Żeligowski
Polish general who seized Vilnius in a staged 'mutiny' and set up Central Lithuania
Military command · Poland
1865–1947
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Józef Piłsudski Józef Piłsudski
The soldier-politician who began as a socialist, became Head of State of reborn Poland, broke the Red Army's westward drive at Warsaw in 1920, and later ruled through a coup-built authoritarian regime
Government and administration · Poland
1867–1935
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Stanisław Grabski Stanisław Grabski
An Endecja theorist who pressed for a Polish nation-state
Political and party leadership · Polish Socialist Party (PPS)
1871–1949
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Jan Dąbski Jan Dąbski
A peasant-movement diplomat who shaped the Riga peace
Diplomacy and international organization · Poland
1880–1931
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Władysław Sikorski Władysław Sikorski
A general who defended Polish sovereignty between exile and return
Military command · Poland
1881–1943
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Kazimierz Sosnkowski Kazimierz Sosnkowski
A military leader who shaped Poland's independence struggle and armed forces in exile
Military command · Poland
1885–1969
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Edward Raczyński Edward Raczyński
An aristocratic diplomat who preserved Poland’s diplomatic continuity in exile
Diplomacy and international organization · Poland
1891–1993
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Stefan Rowecki Stefan Paweł Rowecki
An underground commander who grasped Tempest's political conditions
Military command · Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK)
1895–1944
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Antoni None Chruściel Antoni Chruściel
The Home Army commander who organized and launched the uprising
Military command · Poland
1895–1960
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Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski
The Home Army commander whose decision led to both the uprising and its surrender
Military command · Poland
1895–1966
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Michał Kalecki Michał Kalecki
The Marxist macroeconomist who formalized effective demand before Keynes
Scholarship and theory
1899–1970
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Jakub Berman Jakub Berman
An architect of Stalinist power in Poland
Political and party leadership · Polish Workers' Party (PPR)
1901–1984