People of the Revolution and the USSR

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The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 16 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 1 Scholars of this history1892–현재 3
Citizenship: Spain The Cold War and decolonization 1945–현재 Clear all

Santiago Carrillo

Santiago Carrillo
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) Communism Spain Spain 1915–2012 ○ Natural causes

The Eurocommunist architect who lit a cigarette at gunpoint

23 February 1981: 200 Civil Guards under Lt. Col. Tejero storm the Spanish parliament, firing submachine guns. As every deputy dives for cover, 66-year-old Santiago Carrillo remains seated, takes out a cigarette, and calmly lights it.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of Spain (1960–1982), Carrillo was a key architect of Eurocommunism alongside Berlinguer and Marchais. Breaking with Moscow after the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia, he argued in Eurocommunism and the State (1977) for a parliamentary path to socialism and guided Spain's peaceful democratic transition after Franco's death.

Career timeline
  • 1930Begins at the Socialist Youth newspaper Renovación
  • 1934Elected General Secretary of the Socialist Youth of Spain
  • 1934–1936Imprisoned for participation in the 1934 revolutionary uprising
  • 1936.11Joins the PCE; Councillor for Public Order, Madrid Defence Council
  • 1937Candidate member of the PCE Political Bureau
  • 1939–197638-year exile during the Franco dictatorship
  • 1946–1947Minister without portfolio, Republican government-in-exile
  • 1960Succeeds Dolores Ibárruri as PCE General Secretary
  • 1968Opposes Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia; breaks with Moscow
  • 1976Returns secretly disguised in a wig; arrested and released
  • 1977.03Launches Eurocommunism with Berlinguer and Marchais in Madrid
  • 1977–1986Member of Congress of Deputies for Madrid
  • 1981.02.2323-F coup — remains seated, lights cigarette as gunmen fire
  • 1982Resigns as PCE General Secretary after electoral defeat
  • 1985Expelled from PCE; forms splinter left party
  • 1991Disbands splinter party; declines merger into ruling PSOE