People of the Revolution and the USSR
- Anna Mikhailovna Pankratova Анна Михайловна Панкратова Leading historian of the working class who drove destalinization in scholarship: first woman full academician in Soviet historical studies
- Yevsei Grigoryevich Liberman Евсей Григорьевич Либерман Theoretical catalyst of the 1965 Soviet economic reform
- Boris Aleksandrovich Chagin Борис Александрович Чагин The doyen of Soviet Marxist history of philosophy who alone survived his institute's purge
- Alexei Nikolayevich Leontiev Алексей Николаевич Леонтьев Founder of activity theory who laid the institutional foundations of Marxist psychology
- Alexei Matveyevich Rumyantsev Алексей Матвеевич Румянцев The political economist who opened Khrushchev's economic debate, and institutional founder of Soviet sociology
- Vadim Aleksandrovich Trapeznikov Вадим Александрович Трапезников An automation scientist who pressed technology toward economic reform
- Alexander Vasilievich Korobov Александр Васильевич Коробов Gosplan career planner who served from wartime reconstruction through the Kosygin reform preparations
- Yakov Abramovich Kronrod Яков Абрамович Кронрод Leader of the 'commodity school' in Soviet political economy who argued for the law of value and economic democracy
- Lev Nikolayevich Gumilev Лев Николаевич Гумилёв Historian who reinvented Eurasianism with the theory of ethnogenesis and passionarity
- Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov Александр Михайлович Прохоров Nobel-winning laser co-inventor who helmed the Great Soviet Encyclopedia for three decades
- Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg Виталий Лазаревич Гинзбург From the H-bomb's 'second idea' to the Nobel Prize: a century-spanning theoretical physicist
- Nikolai Nikolayevich Inozemtsev Николай Николаевич Иноземцев Intellectual architect of Brezhnev-era détente
- Georgy Arkadyevich Arbatov Георгий Аркадьевич Арбатов The USSR's preeminent Americanist who built a think-tank on Arbat Street, not in Akademgorodok, and designed détente
- Fyodor Mikhailovich Burlatsky Фёдор Михайлович Бурлацкий Architect of Khrushchev's reforms and pioneer of Soviet political science
- Alexander Yevgenyevich Bovin Александр Евгеньевич Бовин Brezhnev's foreign-affairs speechwriter who put détente into prose, then became its sharpest television commentator
- Nikolai Sergeyevich Simonov Николай Сергеевич Симонов The VPK's chronicler, the historian who dissected the Soviet military-industrial complex