People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity
Any Political and party leadership 2 Government and administration 1
Affiliation

Most people

Any Cubastate 1 Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1 Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) 1

All 3 affiliations

Cuba

Cubastate 1 Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) 1

Spain

Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1
Position
Any Marxism and communism 2
Citizenship
Any Cuba 1 Spain 1
Background(set)
Any United States 50 Poland 43 Germany 37 Hungary 34 Czechia 21 Vietnam 15 Angola 10 Cambodia 9 France 9 Romania 9 Czechoslovakia 8 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 8 Yemen 8 Congo - Brazzaville 7 United Kingdom 7 Korea 6 Slovakia 6 Afghanistan 5 Albania 5 Cuba 5 Ethiopia 5 Laos 5 Madagascar 5 Benin 4 Bulgaria 4 Serbia 4 Croatia 3 Finland 3 Italy 3 Mozambique 3 Somalia 3 Chile 2 China 2 East Germany 2 Indonesia 2 Lithuania 2 Martinique 2 Russia 2 Slovenia 2 South Africa 2 Spain 2 Trinidad and Tobago 2 Argentina 1 Austria 1 Brazil 1 Burkina Faso 1 DR Congo 1 Ghana 1 Grenada 1 Guinea-Bissau 1 Guyana 1 India 1 Japan 1 Mongolia 1 Myanmar 1 South Korea 1 Tajikistan 1 Tanzania 1 Turkmenistan 1
Era(set)
Any

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 16 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 2 Scholars of this history1892–현재 3
Background: Spain The Cold War and decolonization 1945–현재 Clear all

Santiago Carrillo

Santiago Carrillo
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) Communism Spain Spain 1915–2012 ○ Natural causes

The Eurocommunist architect who lit a cigarette at gunpoint

23 February 1981: 200 Civil Guards under Lt. Col. Tejero storm the Spanish parliament, firing submachine guns. As every deputy dives for cover, 66-year-old Santiago Carrillo remains seated, takes out a cigarette, and calmly lights it.

General Secretary of the Communist Party of Spain (1960–1982), Carrillo was a key architect of Eurocommunism alongside Berlinguer and Marchais. Breaking with Moscow after the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia, he argued in Eurocommunism and the State (1977) for a parliamentary path to socialism and guided Spain's peaceful democratic transition after Franco's death.

Career timeline
  • 1930Begins at the Socialist Youth newspaper Renovación
  • 1934Elected General Secretary of the Socialist Youth of Spain
  • 1934–1936Imprisoned for participation in the 1934 revolutionary uprising
  • 1936.11Joins the PCE; Councillor for Public Order, Madrid Defence Council
  • 1937Candidate member of the PCE Political Bureau
  • 1939–197638-year exile during the Franco dictatorship
  • 1946–1947Minister without portfolio, Republican government-in-exile
  • 1960Succeeds Dolores Ibárruri as PCE General Secretary
  • 1968Opposes Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia; breaks with Moscow
  • 1976Returns secretly disguised in a wig; arrested and released
  • 1977.03Launches Eurocommunism with Berlinguer and Marchais in Madrid
  • 1977–1986Member of Congress of Deputies for Madrid
  • 1981.02.2323-F coup — remains seated, lights cigarette as gunmen fire
  • 1982Resigns as PCE General Secretary after electoral defeat
  • 1985Expelled from PCE; forms splinter left party
  • 1991Disbands splinter party; declines merger into ruling PSOE

José Ramón Álvarez Fernández

José Ramón Fernández Álvarez
Cuba Communism Cuba Spain 1923–2019

Cuban revolutionary commander credited with defeating the 1961 Bay of Pigs landing (Brigade 2506)

During the Bay of Pigs invasion of 17 April 1961, Fidel Castro ordered him to command the militia and regular-army battalions fighting Brigade 2506; late on 19 April 1961 he was among the forces that broke through to Playa Girón and forced the invaders' surrender.

Cuban Communist and military leader, and later vice-president of the Council of Ministers. Born in Santiago de Cuba, he joined the Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) after the 1959 revolution and held many state posts, including minister, vice-president and deputy. He was among the longest-lived historic leaders of the Cuban Revolution.

Career timeline
  • 1978–2012Vice-president of the Council of Ministers