People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity(set)
Any Political and party leadership 15 Government and administration 24 Legislature and state representation 6 Military command 3 Diplomacy and international organization 8 Economy, finance and planning 1 Agriculture and land policy 2 Ideology and propaganda 1 Social movements and organizing 2 Scholarship and theory 1 Education 1 Religion 1 Law and justice 1
Affiliation

Most people

Any Austria state institutionsstate 1 Hungarystate 1

All 2 affiliations

Austria

Austria state institutionsstate 1

Hungary

Hungarystate 1
Position(set)
Any Imperial establishment and White movement 2 Counter-revolutionary forces 1 Left critics of Bolshevism 1 Non-Bolshevik socialists 1 Fascists and Nazis 1 Marxism and communism 26 Conservatism and Christian democracy 2 Agrarianism and peasant parties 2
Citizenship
Any Austria 1 Hungary 1
Background
Any Hungary 1
Era
Any

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 2
Agriculture and land policy Conservatism and Christian democracy Clear all

Miklós Kállay

Kállay Miklós
Hungary Conservatism and Christian democracy Hungary Hungary 1887–1967 → Died in exile

Wartime prime minister who refused German deportation demands and sought a secret armistice with the Western Allies

From an old gentry family of Szabolcs County, he was a county lord-lieutenant and minister of agriculture from 1932 to 1935, a conservative of the Bethlen school. In 1941 he voted in the upper house against the Third Jewish Law. Made prime minister at Horthy’s request in March 1942, he kept up the war against the Soviet Union while refusing German demands to deport Hungary’s Jews and negotiating an armistice with the Western Allies. A secret preliminary armistice was signed off Istanbul in September 1943, but when Germany occupied Hungary in March 1944 he was ousted and hid in the Turkish legation. Captured in October 1944, he was held in Dachau and Mauthausen until freed in 1945; he went into exile in 1946 and died in New York.

Career timeline
  • 1921–1929Lord-lieutenant of Szabolcs County
  • 1929–1931Deputy under-secretary, Ministry of Trade
  • 1932–1935Minister of agriculture
  • 1942–1944Prime minister; secret armistice talks with the Allies
  • 1944–1945Refuge in the Turkish legation; Dachau and Mauthausen
  • 1946–1967Exile; settled in the United States

Engelbert Dollfuss

Engelbert Dollfuß
Austria state institutions Fascists and Nazis Austria 1892–1934 ✕ Assassinated in a Nazi coup

Austrian chancellor who shut down parliament, built the Fatherland Front dictatorship and was assassinated in a Nazi coup in 1934

Born to a poor peasant family in Lower Austria, he studied law at the University of Vienna and served for 37 months on the Italian front in the First World War. Working for the Lower Austrian Peasants’ Union he became known as an agrarian expert, and he was appointed minister of agriculture and forestry in 1931 and federal chancellor in May 1932. In March 1933 he shut out parliament and ruled by emergency decree, banned the Communists, the Nazis and then the Social Democrats, and built a one-party dictatorship under the Fatherland Front modelled largely on Italian Fascism. He crushed the socialist movement in the civil war of February 1934 and in March signed the Rome Protocols with Mussolini and Gömbös. On 25 July 1934 he was shot dead in the Chancellery during an attempted Nazi coup.

Career timeline
  • 1914–1918Serves on the Italian front
  • 1931Minister of agriculture and forestry
  • 1932–1934Federal chancellor
  • 1933Shuts down parliament; Fatherland Front
  • 1934Austrian Civil War; Rome Protocols
  • 1934Assassinated in a Nazi coup