People of the Revolution and the USSR

Activity(set)
Any Political and party leadership 3 Government and administration 2 Military command 1 Ideology and propaganda 1
Affiliation

Most people

Any Turkmenistan state institutions 1

All 1 affiliations

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan state institutions 1
Position
Any Counter-revolutionary forces 1 Marxism and communism 1
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Any Turkmenistan 1 Uzbekistan 1
Background(set)
Any Russia 40 Hungary 38 France 24 Germany 21 United States 20 Finland 10 Belarus 9 Poland 9 Ukraine 8 Lithuania 7 China 6 Czechia 6 Estonia 6 Armenia 5 Latvia 5 Spain 5 Congo - Brazzaville 4 Greece 4 Moldova 4 Benin 3 Georgia 3 Japan 3 United Kingdom 3 Vietnam 3 Afghanistan 2 Albania 2 Croatia 2 Cuba 2 Ethiopia 2 Italy 2 Laos 2 Madagascar 2 Romania 2 Serbia 2 Somalia 2 Turkmenistan 2 Uzbekistan 2 Yemen 2 Angola 1 Austria 1 Azerbaijan 1 Bulgaria 1 Burkina Faso 1 Cambodia 1 Chile 1 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1 DR Congo 1 Egypt 1 Ghana 1 Grenada 1 India 1 Iran 1 Kazakhstan 1 Korea 1 Kyrgyzstan 1 Mongolia 1 Mozambique 1 South Korea 1 Tanzania 1
Era
Any

People of the wider world

The revolutionary wave and the world war1917–1945 1 The Cold War and decolonization1945–현재 1
Government and administration Background: Turkmenistan Clear all

Junaid Khan

Jüneýit han
Counter-revolutionary forces Khanate of Khiva Turkmen (Yomut tribe) 1857–1938 → Died in exile

Yomut Turkmen chief who held real power in the Khanate of Khiva in 1918–1920 and fought Soviet rule for more than a decade

Born in 1857 (some sources say 1862), the son of a Yomut Turkmen chief, he served as a village judge (kazi) and water distributor (mirab) and made his name in the Turkmen uprisings of 1912–1916. Appointed commander of the armed forces of Khiva by Asfandiyar Khan in January 1918, he had the khan assassinated, installed the khan’s uncle Sayyid Abdullah as a puppet and took real power. He besieged Petro-Alexandrovsk in November 1918 and in 1919 opened contact with Kolchak’s government, but in early 1920 the Red Army defeated him and he retreated into the Karakum desert. He then repeatedly invaded the Khorezm People’s Soviet Republic and the Turkmen SSR, besieging Khiva in January 1924. He went into exile in Persia and Afghanistan and died near Herat in 1938.

Career timeline
  • 1912–1916Leader in the Turkmen uprisings
  • 1918Commander of the armed forces of the Khanate of Khiva
  • 1918–1920De facto ruler of the Khanate of Khiva
  • 1920–1931Basmachi leader operating from the Karakum, Persia and Afghanistan

Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov

Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow
Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks Soviet communism Turkmenistan Turkmen 1940–2006 ○ Natural causes

A Turkmen leader who turned late-Soviet rule into personal rule over an independent state

At the 1991 9+1 meetings, he weighed a reworked union against preserving Turkmenistan’s autonomy.

Saparmurat Niyazov was the Soviet-era party and government leader who became independent Turkmenistan’s first president. He led the Turkmen delegation in the 9+1 meetings during the 1991 New Union Treaty process, while the republic’s guarded autonomy limited his role in the negotiations themselves. After independence he invoked neutrality and state sovereignty while concentrating power in the presidency and using the Ruhnama and an extensive personality cult to organize public life. His rule remains a case of post-Soviet state formation fused with authoritarian consolidation.

Career timeline
  • 1962Joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
  • 1970–1980Cadre in the Communist Party of Turkmenistan Central Committee
  • 1980–1984First Secretary of the Ashgabat City Party Committee
  • 1985Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Turkmen SSR
  • 1985–1991First Secretary of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan
  • 1990–1991Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen SSR
  • 1990–2006President of Turkmenistan
  • 1991Head of Turkmenistan’s delegation at the 9+1 New Union Treaty meetings