Famine mortality estimates
기근 사망자 추계
Famine mortality estimates are calculations of excess deaths attributed to starvation and diseases associated with famine, whose totals depend on the sources and boundaries used. For the Russian famine of 1921–1922, gaps in census data, population movements, and overlapping war and disease mortality produce widely varying figures, so the frequently cited five million is one estimate among several.
In depth
Scope and evidence
Estimates differ according to whether they count only deaths directly from starvation, deaths from epidemics aggravated by malnutrition, and how they treat reduced births. Researchers compare censuses, registration statistics, local reports, and relief-agency records to calculate excess mortality, but records from periods when civil war and famine overlapped are incomplete.
The Russian famine of 1921–1922
The University of Warwick’s Modern Records Centre notes estimates ranging from one million to ten million victims, with five million the figure most often quoted. Any use of the number should therefore specify the territory, period, and causes included, rather than presenting a single total as an uncontested count.
Sources
- Wikipedia (RU) (기근의 피해 규모와 사망자 수가 지역·자료에 따라 달라진다는 배경, 러시아어 서술의 기본 사실)
- warwick.ac.uk (1921~1922년 기근 사망 추계가 100만~1000만 명으로 갈리며 500만 명이 가장 널리 인용된다는 설명, 원인과 사망 범위의 정의 문제)