New man (Guevara)
새로운 인간 (게바라)
The socialist human type formulated by Che Guevara in "Socialism and Man in Cuba" (1965): to build communism, a new man moved by consciousness and social duty rather than individual material interest had to be made simultaneously with the material base. Guevara held that this man grows in parallel with new economic forms and so can never be finished, and named moral incentives, voluntary labour, the example of the vanguard party and education as the means. It was the anthropological ground of his budgetary finance system in the Great Debate.
In depth
"Socialism and Man in Cuba"
In a text written in March 1965 as a letter to Carlos Quijano, editor of the Uruguayan weekly Marcha, Guevara warned against trying to achieve socialism with the blunted weapons left by capitalism. While the economic base changes, the adapted old foundation undermines the development of consciousness; to build communism, the new man has to be made simultaneously with the material base. Hence the instrument for mobilising the masses had to be fundamentally moral, without forgetting a correct use of material incentives.
The new man, he wrote, could be seen being born in the period of socialist construction, but his image was not yet finished and never could be, since the process ran parallel to the development of new economic forms. The party was a vanguard organisation; it would become a mass party when the masses reached the level of the vanguard and were educated for communism.
Assessment
The English Wikipedia sums up that Guevara regarded Cuban attitudes to race, women, individualism and manual labour as products of the island's past, and urged people to see one another as equals and to take on the values of the "new man". The idea left a deep mark on the voluntary-labour mobilisations of late-1960s Cuba and on the Latin American left's image of Guevara.