Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party (France)
혁명적 사회주의노동자당 (프랑스)
The French socialist party founded in 1890 by Jean Allemane after his expulsion from the Federation of the Socialist Workers of France (the Possibilists). Called the Allemanists, it stood for the general strike and the autonomy of the trade unions and became a base of later revolutionary syndicalism. In 1902 it merged with the Possibilists and Jaurès's Independent Socialists into the French Socialist Party (PSF).
In depth
The party grew out of the Paris workers within Brousse's Possibilists who resented the focus on elections in the 1880s. In his paper Parti Ouvrier Allemane called for a general strike to precipitate revolution, for direct action such as sabotage, strikes and factory occupations, and for proletarian organisations free of bourgeois leadership; when Brousse expelled him at the Châtellerault congress of 1890, he founded the party. It worked closely with the trade union movement and rejected bourgeois parliamentary democracy as insufficiently democratic, yet it stood for elections and sent Allemane to the Chamber of Deputies.
The Guesdists, as orthodox Marxists, mocked that "general strike is general nonsense" and wanted the unions under the political leadership of a socialist party; the Allemanists insisted on union autonomy and saw the party merely as the political representative of the extra-parliamentary workers' movement. Beside Allemane's working-class socialism an intellectual current led by the librarian Lucien Herr put the education of the people first, and the party has also been described as a moderate reformist one that believed socialism could come through decentralisation and legislative participation.
In the first attempt at French socialist unity in 1902 the party joined Brousse's FTSF and Jaurès's Independent Socialists in the French Socialist Party, while the Revolutionary Communist Alliance that had split from it entered the Socialist Party of France of Guesde and Vaillant. The two parties merged in 1905 into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO).