sphere of influence
세력권
A sphere of influence is the range in which a state or great power exercises predominant political, economic, military, or cultural influence over other states or regions. It can exist without a formal alliance or annexation, but it can also become a coercive agreement by which great powers divide the territory and political future of third states, as in the secret protocol to the 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact.
In depth
In international relations, sphere of influence is an analytical concept covering degrees and methods of external power. It may be presented as a security measure to secure a buffer, but when imposed as an exclusive right of great powers while excluding the self-determination of the affected states and peoples, it takes on the character of imperial division.
The secret additional protocol to the Nazi-Soviet Pact secretly specified boundaries concerning the Baltic states and Poland, as well as Soviet interests in Bessarabia. It turned spheres of influence from an abstract claim of predominance into a framework for territorial rearrangement and occupation, followed by the partition of Poland and Soviet occupations of Finland, the Baltic states, and parts of Romania. Thus, regardless of whether Soviet leaders justified the arrangement as a border-security buffer, the documented sphere constituted a coercive restriction of third states' sovereignty.
Related historical events
Sources
- Wikipedia (RU) 국제관계에서 세력권의 일반적 정의와 조약 없이도 성립할 수 있다는 점을 뒷받침한다.
- Wikipedia (EN) 세력권의 공간적·정치적 의미와 강제적 종속으로 이어질 수 있는 범위를 뒷받침한다.
- encyclopedia.ushmm.org 독소 불가침조약의 비밀 의정서가 동유럽을 독일과 소련의 세력권으로 설정하고 실제 점령·분할로 이어졌음을 뒷받침한다.
- avalon.law.yale.edu 1939년 비밀 추가 의정서의 원문과 폴란드·발트해 연안·베사라비아에 관한 세력권 경계 합의를 뒷받침한다.