Activities and affiliations

What people did, and whom they served in that activity.

Activity

All 5 Political and party leadership 4 Social movements and organizing 1

State, movement or organization

All 288 Soviet Union 91 Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 76 Left Opposition 16 Solidarity (Solidarność) 7 Narodnaya Volya 6 Left Communists 4 Communist Party USA (CPUSA) 4 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 4 Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP) 1
All 42 affiliations by country

Brazil

Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) 1

China

Communist Party of China 2

Czechoslovakia

Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) 3

Estonia

Popular Front of Estonia (Rahvarinne) 1

France

French Communist Party (PCF) 2 General Confederation of Labour (CGT, France) 2 Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP/FTPF) 1 Cordeliers Club 2 Enragés 1 Conspiracy of the Equals / Société des Égaux 2

Germany

Germany state institutions 1 Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1 Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1

Greece

Communist Party of Greece (KKE) 1

Hungary

Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP) 1

International organizations

Comintern 2 International Workingmen's Association (First International) 3 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) 2

Poland

Solidarity (Solidarność) 7 Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) 2 Free Trade Unions of the Coast (WZZ) 3 Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) 1

Russia

Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 3 Party of Left Socialist Revolutionaries 2 Narodnaya Volya 6 General Jewish Labour Bund 1 Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) 4

South Africa

South African Communist Party (SACP) 1

Soviet Union

Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 76 ↳ Left Communists 4 ↳ Democratic Centralists (Decists) 3 ↳ Workers' Opposition 2 ↳ Left Opposition 16 ↳ Union of Marxist-Leninists (Ryutin group) 1 Soviet Union 91

Spain

Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1 Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) 1

United Kingdom

Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) 3

United States

Socialist Workers Party (United States) 1 Communist Party USA (CPUSA) 4

Vietnam

Communist Party of Vietnam / Workers' Party of Vietnam 1

Yugoslavia

Communist Party / League of Communists of Yugoslavia (KPJ/SKJ) 1

Social movements and organizing · Party of Communists in Hungary (KMP) people 1

Clear all

György Lukács

Lukács György
Scholarship and theory Western Marxist theorists Hungary Hungary 1885–1971 ○ Lung cancer

Founder of Western Marxism: the Hungarian thinker who reoriented 20th-century Marxist philosophy with History and Class Consciousness

“Now, after the collapse of actually existing socialism, his questions look like the only surviving form of Marxism.” — from a late-life interview

Hungarian Marxist philosopher who founded Western Marxism with History and Class Consciousness (1923), establishing the concepts of reification and class consciousness. Served as commissar/minister of culture in the 1919 Hungarian Soviet Republic and the 1956 Imre Nagy government.

Career timeline
  • 1902–1906Graduates Budapest law faculty; doctorate in law from Kolozsvár University
  • 1909PhD in philosophy from Budapest University with The Form of Drama
  • 1912–1918Lives in Heidelberg, studying with Simmel, Weber and Bloch
  • 1918Joins the Hungarian Communist Party (KMP)
  • 1919.3–8Deputy People's Commissar for Culture; political commissar, Hungarian Red Army
  • 1919–1929Exile in Vienna; elected KMP CC General Secretary 1928, removed for right deviation
  • 1923Publishes History and Class Consciousness; denounced as revisionist by Comintern
  • 1929–1945Resides in Moscow; Marx-Engels Institute and Literary Critic journal
  • 1941Arrested by NKVD; released after 2 months on Dimitrov's intervention
  • 1942Defends The Young Hegel dissertation, USSR Academy of Sciences
  • 1945–1958Professor of aesthetics, University of Budapest; member of parliament
  • 1956.10–11Minister of Culture in Imre Nagy government; interned in Romania
  • 1957–1967Expelled from party; reinstated 1967. The Specificity of the Aesthetic