Science and technology · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks · Background: Russia — People | Cyber-Lenin

Science and technology Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks Background: Russia Clear all

39 people

By birth A–Z List Cards

GlossarySoviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko Николай Александрович Семашко Founder of Soviet public health who designed free universal healthcare (the 'Semashko model') Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1874–1949
Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko Николай Нилович Бурденко Founder of Soviet neurosurgery and Chief Surgeon of the Red Army Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1876–1946
Abram Fyodorovich Ioffe Абрам Фёдорович Иоффе The 'Papa Ioffe' who reared all of Soviet physics Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1880–1960
Boris Mikhailovich Hessen Борис Михайлович Гессен The Marxist historian of science who revealed the socio-economic roots of Newton's mechanics; first dean of MSU physics Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1893–1936
Ivan Dmitriyevich Papanin Иван Дмитриевич Папанин The face of Soviet polar exploration who charted the Arctic from a drifting ice floe Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1894–1986
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov Николай Николаевич Семёнов The only Soviet Nobel laureate in Chemistry, founder of chain reaction theory Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1896–1986
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Nesmeyanov Александр Николаевич Несмеянов Academy president who founded organoelement chemistry Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1899–1980
Mikhail Alekseyevich Lavrentiev Михаил Алексеевич Лаврентьев Mathematician who built Akademgorodok and pioneered explosive applications Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1900–1980
Sergei Alekseyevich Lebedev Сергей Алексеевич Лебедев Creator of the MESM and BESM, founder of Soviet computing Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1902–1974
Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov Игорь Васильевич Курчатов Scientific head of the Soviet atomic bomb Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1903–1960
Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov Анатолий Петрович Александров Physicist who pioneered the Soviet nuclear navy and nuclear power, brought down by Chernobyl Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1903–1994
Yulii Borisovich Khariton Юлий Борисович Харитон Chief designer who led the Soviet nuclear weapons design bureau for 46 years Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1904–1996
Fyodor Grigorievich Uglov Фёдор Григорьевич Углов The oldest practicing surgeon in history and the key propagandist of Gorbachev's anti-alcohol campaign Science and technology · Soviet Communist Party and Bolsheviks 1904–2008
Sergei Vasilyevich Kaftanov Сергей Васильевич Кафтанов The GKO science plenipotentiary who pressed Stalin to restart atomic bomb research Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1905–1978
Nikolai Petrovich Kamanin Николай Петрович Каманин From Chelyuskin ice to Gagarin's flight: the general who built the cosmonaut corps Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1908–1982
Boris Vasilyevich Petrovsky Борис Васильевич Петровский Cardiovascular pioneer who ran Soviet healthcare for 15 years under Brezhnev Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1908–2004
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov Владимир Александрович Котельников The scientist–head of state who discovered the sampling theorem and led the first radar probe of Venus Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1908–2005
Mikhail Sergeyevich Ryazansky Михаил Сергеевич Рязанский The 'radio man' of Soviet rocketry: Chief Designer of guidance and telemetry for every Soviet rocket and spacecraft Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1909–1987
Sergei Vladimirovich Kurashov Сергей Владимирович Курашов Khrushchev-era health minister who presided over the World Health Assembly Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1910–1965
Vasily Stepanovich Fursov Василий Степанович Фурсов A physicist who linked reactor theory to scientific education Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1910–1998
Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel Михаил Кузьмич Янгель Designer whose storable-propellant rockets became the backbone of the Strategic Rocket Forces Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1911–1971
Nikolai D. Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov Николай Дмитриевич Кузнецов From the NK-12 to the NK-33: the chief engine designer who powered Soviet skies and space Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1911–1995
Georgy Nikolayevich Flyorov Георгий Николаевич Флёров One letter that woke Stalin, one element that bears his name Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1913–1990
Vladimir Alekseyevich Kirillin Владимир Алексеевич Кириллин Architect of Soviet civilian R&D policy in the age of the scientific-technical revolution Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1913–1999
Boris Yevgenyevich Paton Борис Евгеньевич Патон Father of electroslag welding who led Ukraine's Academy of Sciences for 58 years Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1918–2020
Viktor Mikhailovich Glushkov Виктор Михайлович Глушков Father of Soviet cybernetics whose OGAS network envisioned real-time socialist planning decades before the internet Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1923–1982
Vladimir Fyodorovich Utkin Владимир Фёдорович Уткин Father of the SS-18 'Satan' and architect of the late Cold War nuclear balance Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1923–2000
Viktor Petrovich Makeyev Виктор Петрович Макеев Founder of Soviet naval strategic rocketry, the man the CIA called 'the Ural Dragon' Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1924–1985
Gury Ivanovich Marchuk Гурий Иванович Марчук Last President of the USSR Academy of Sciences and pioneer of computational mathematics in Siberia Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1925–2013
Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov Владимир Михайлович Комаров Voskhod 1 commander and the first human to perish in a spaceflight Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1927–1967
Yevgeny Ivanovich Chazov Евгений Иванович Чазов The father of Soviet cardiology who ran Kremlin medicine for 20 years Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1929–2021
Nikolai Pavlovich Laverov Николай Павлович Лавёров The last chairman of Soviet state science policy and a uranium geologist Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1930–2016
Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин The first human smile to leave the Earth Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1934–1968
Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov Алексей Архипович Леонов First to open the door to the cosmos, and the first to draw it from inside Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1934–2019
Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky Валерий Фёдорович Быковский The cosmonaut who spent five days alone in orbit, setting a solo spaceflight record that still stands Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1934–2019
Viktor Petrovich Bryukhanov Виктор Петрович Брюханов The first director of Chernobyl who built the plant and was held responsible for its catastrophe Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1935–2021
Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov Евгений Павлович Велихов Soviet physicist who linked fusion science, Chernobyl, and nuclear disarmament Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1935–2024
Nikolai Maximovich Fomin Николай Максимович Фомин The chief engineer who refused to believe the reactor was destroyed and kept pumping water into its ruins Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1937–
Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova Валентина Владимировна Терешкова The textile-worker 'Chaika,' first woman in space Science and technology · Soviet Union state institutions 1937–