Non-Bolshevik socialists · The revolutionary wave and the world war 1917–1945 — People | Cyber-Lenin

Non-Bolshevik socialists The revolutionary wave and the world war 1917–1945 Clear all

46 people

By birth A–Z List Cards

Carl Legien Carl Legien German trade-union leader who signed the 1918 agreement with Stinnes and met the Kapp Putsch of 1920 with a general strike Social movements and organizing · Independent activity 1861–1920
Hugo Haase Hugo Haase Lawyer who founded the USPD against the war and co-chaired the Council of People’s Deputies with Ebert in 1918 Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1863–1919
Arthur Henderson Arthur Henderson British Labour organizer and politician who led the international disarmament effort. Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1863–1935
Philipp Scheidemann Philipp Scheidemann SPD politician who proclaimed the republic from a Reichstag window on 9 November 1918 and became Weimar’s first head of government Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1865–1939
Ramsay MacDonald Ramsay MacDonald Politician who gave up the Labour chairmanship in 1914 over war credits and later became Britain’s first Labour prime minister Political and party leadership · Labour Party (United Kingdom) 1866–1937
Kurt Eisner Kurt Eisner Journalist who overthrew the Bavarian monarchy in Munich in November 1918, proclaimed the People’s State and was assassinated the next year Social movements and organizing · Germany state institutions 1867–1919
Józef Piłsudski Józef Piłsudski The soldier-politician who began as a socialist, became Head of State of reborn Poland, broke the Red Army's westward drive at Warsaw in 1920, and later ruled through a coup-built authoritarian regime Government and administration · Poland state institutions 1867–1935
Béla Somogyi Somogyi Béla Editor of the Social Democratic Népszava who was murdered by an officer detachment in 1920 for exposing the White Terror Ideology and propaganda 1868–1920
Gustav Noske Gustav Noske SPD defence minister who said “someone has to be the bloodhound” and used the Freikorps to crush the left risings of 1919 Military command · Germany state institutions 1868–1946
Noe Zhordania ნოე ჟორდანია Leader of the Georgian Mensheviks who headed the government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918–1921 Political and party leadership · Georgia state institutions 1868–1953
Francisco Largo Caballero Francisco Largo Caballero The UGT worker-leader they called the Spanish Lenin, a prime minister broken between revolution and war Government and administration · Spanish Republic state institutions 1869–1946
Väinö Voionmaa Väinö Voionmaa A historian who linked scholarship with social democracy Scholarship and theory 1869–1947
Julián Besteiro Julián Besteiro PSOE right-wing leader, Speaker of the Cortes; joined Casado's coup, refused exile, and died in Franco's prison Political and party leadership · Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 1870–1940
Gustav Bauer Gustav Bauer Social Democratic chancellor whose government accepted the Treaty of Versailles under an Allied ultimatum Political and party leadership · Germany state institutions 1870–1944
Karl Renner Karl Renner Austrian Social Democratic leader who signed the Treaty of Saint-Germain and founded the Second Republic in 1945 Political and party leadership · Austria state institutions 1870–1950
Friedrich Ebert Friedrich Ebert SPD leader who headed the revolutionary government of 1918, steered the councils into parliamentary democracy and became the first president Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1871–1925
Giacinto Menotti Serrati Giacinto Menotti Serrati Italian Socialist leader who took his party into the Comintern but refused to expel the reformists, causing the Livorno split of 1921 Political and party leadership · Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 1872–1926
Léon Blum Léon Blum France's first Socialist prime minister, who left behind paid holidays and the 40-hour week Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1872–1950
Gyula Peidl Peidl Gyula Printer and Social Democratic leader who headed the six-day “trade-union government” after the fall of the Soviet Republic Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions 1873–1943
Ivanoe Bonomi Ivanoe Bonomi A reformist politician who organized compromises between fascism's fall and the monarchy Government and administration · Italy state institutions 1873–1951
Oskari Tokoi Oskari Tokoi Finnish labour leader who became the world’s first Social Democratic head of government and then joined the Red government Government and administration · Finland state institutions 1873–1963
Arthur Crispien Arthur Crispien German social-democratic politician and co-chair of the Independent Social Democratic Party. Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1875–1946
Hermann Müller Hermann Müller A Social Democratic politician of the Weimar Republic who served twice as chancellor. Government and administration · Germany state institutions 1876–1931
Angelica Isaakovna Balabanova Анжелика Исааковна Балабанова The Comintern's first secretary, who taught Mussolini and branded him traitor Political and party leadership · Comintern 1878–1965
Jan Sierada Ян Серада Veterinarian who chaired the First All-Belarusian Congress and, as chairman of the Rada, presided over the declaration of independence Legislature and state representation · Belarus state institutions 1879–1943 이후
Sándor Garbai Garbai Sándor Bricklayer turned Social Democrat who chaired the Revolutionary Governing Council of the Hungarian Soviet Republic Political and party leadership · Hungary state institutions 1879–1947
Léon Jouhaux Léon Jouhaux The syndicalist who led the CGT for 31 years, signed the Matignon Agreements and won the Nobel Peace Prize Social movements and organizing · General Confederation of Labour (CGT, France) 1879–1954
Vilmos Böhm Böhm Vilmos Social Democratic leader who was defence commissar and Red Army commander-in-chief of the Hungarian Soviet Republic Military command · Hungary state institutions 1880–1949
Volodymyr Vynnychenko Володимир Винниченко Ukrainian Social Democratic writer who led the Rada's General Secretariat and the Directory Government and administration · Ukrainian People's Republic state institutions 1880–1951
Evgeni Gegechkori ევგენი გეგეჭკორი Menshevik politician who chaired the Transcaucasian Commissariat and became foreign minister of the Democratic Republic of Georgia Diplomacy and international organization · Georgia state institutions 1881–1954
Károly Peyer Peyer Károly Hungarian Social Democratic and trade-union leader who won legal status for his party in the Bethlen–Peyer Pact of 1921 Legislature and state representation · Hungary state institutions 1881–1956
Robert Grimm Robert Grimm Swiss socialist who organised the Zimmerwald anti-war conference of 1915 and chaired the International Socialist Commission Social movements and organizing 1881–1958
Väinö Alfred Tanner Väinö Alfred Tanner The Social Democratic realist who faced Stalin as Finland's Winter War foreign minister, rising from the cooperative movement Political and party leadership · Social Democratic Party of Finland 1881–1966
Paul Levi Paul Levi From Rosa Luxemburg's lawyer to KPD leader, his 'anti-putschism' took on Comintern adventurism Political and party leadership · Communist Party of Germany (KPD) 1883–1930
Ion Inculeț Ion Inculeț Bessarabian politician who presided over Sfatul Țării and the Moldavian Democratic Republic and saw through its union with Romania Legislature and state representation · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1884–1940
Anton Luckievič Антон Луцкевіч Founder of the Hramada who, as prime minister of the Belarusian People’s Republic, sought its recognition at the Paris Peace Conference Government and administration · Belarus state institutions 1884–1942
Pantelimon Erhan Pantelimon Erhan Bessarabian Socialist Revolutionary who headed the first government of the Moldavian Democratic Republic and put land reform first Government and administration · Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR/SR) 1884–1971
Ludovic-Oscar Frossard Ludovic-Oscar Frossard SFIO general secretary who led the Tours vote to join the Comintern, became the first PCF general secretary and left in 1923 Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1889–1946
Roger Salengro Roger Salengro The Popular Front's interior minister, hounded to death by the far-right press Government and administration · France state institutions 1890–1936
Béla Bacsó Bacsó Béla Socialist writer and Népszava journalist murdered with Béla Somogyi in 1920 for writing against the White Terror Ideology and propaganda 1891–1920
Alexandros Svolos Αλέξανδρος Σβώλος A socialist constitutional scholar who sought to ground sovereignty in the people Law and justice 1892–1956
Juan Negrín Juan Negrín The physiologist trained in Leipzig who sent the Republic's gold to Moscow and chose to fight to the end as its last prime minister Government and administration · Spanish Republic state institutions 1892–1956
Ernst Toller Ernst Toller German Jewish Expressionist playwright who took part in the Bavarian revolution Literature and arts · Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) 1893–1939
Marceau Pivert Marceau Pivert The Socialist left's tribune who wrote 'Everything is possible', the Popular Front's left frontier Political and party leadership · French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) 1895–1958
Léo Lagrange Léo Lagrange The undersecretary for leisure and sport who designed the workers' first holidays Government and administration · France state institutions 1900–1940
George Orwell George Orwell The democratic socialist who came back wounded from the POUM militia and dissected the language of totalitarianism Literature and arts 1903–1950