Fundamental Laws of 1906 (Russian Empire)
기본법(1906년 러시아 제국)
Issued in April 1906 after the 1905 Revolution, the Fundamental Laws set out a constitutional framework combining the emperor's authority with parliamentary legislation. They required the State Council and State Duma to participate in making laws, while preserving the emperor's autocratic supremacy, veto, and power to appoint ministers.
In depth
Nicholas II promulgated the revision of the 1832 Fundamental Laws on 23 April 1906 Old Style, immediately before the First State Duma opened. The State Council became an upper chamber with appointed and elected members, while the Duma was an indirectly elected lower chamber, but neither could overcome the emperor's initiative and veto. The text recognized protections against arbitrary arrest and prosecution, and rights concerning residence, property, assembly, and expression, yet placed them within limits set by law. The electoral revision of 3 June 1907 sharply altered the Duma's representation and exposed the fragility of this restricted constitutional order.
Sources
- Wikipedia (RU) 1906년 4월 23일 개정의 제정일, 국가두마의 입법 권한, 제정 방식과 헌정적 성격을 뒷받침한다.
- novaonline.nvcc.edu 1906년 기본법 원문 발췌와 황제의 입법 승인권, 국가평의회·두마의 구성, 권리 조항을 뒷받침한다.