Nyon Conference
니옹 회의
A diplomatic conference of Mediterranean powers held in Nyon, Switzerland, in September 1937 to address Italian submarine attacks on neutral shipping supplying the Spanish Republic. Convened by Britain and France after the sinkings of Soviet vessels Timiryazev and Blagoev, the conference designated such attacks as acts of piracy and established Anglo-French naval patrols that effectively ended submarine attacks in the Mediterranean. The agreement's success, however, forced the USSR to abandon the Mediterranean supply route in favor of the northern route.
Related historical events
Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) comprehensive article on the conference: context, proceedings, provisions, and aftermath
- hrono.ru Soviet-era encyclopedia entry (Советская военная энциклопедия): confirms sinkings of Timiryazev (31 Aug 1937) and Blagoev (1 Sept 1937) as direct trigger, lists signatories, characterizes attacks as piracy by fascist powers
- hrlibrary.umn.edu full text of the Nyon Agreement (14 September 1937, 181 L.N.T.S. 137): defines attacks as 'acts of piracy,' establishes Anglo-French patrol zones, restricts submarine movement