Р-12 (8К63, SS-4 Sandal) · 1959–1990

R-12 missile (SS-4 Sandal)

R-12 미사일

The R-12 (NATO: SS-4 Sandal) was the first Soviet medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) to use storable liquid propellants and a fully autonomous inertial guidance system. Entering service in 1959, it could deliver a megaton-class thermonuclear warhead up to 2,080 km; its deployment to Cuba in 1962 triggered the Cuban Missile Crisis. Designed by Mikhail Yangel's OKB-586, a total of 2,335 were produced and formed the backbone of the Strategic Rocket Forces until all were eliminated by 1990 under the INF Treaty.

Related people

Mikhail Yangel

Related historical events

Sources

  1. Wikipedia (EN) R-12 Dvina theatre ballistic missile; GRAU 8K63; NATO SS-4 Sandal; 2,335 produced; deployed to Cuba 1962 triggering Cuban Missile Crisis; 2.3 Mt warhead; 2,080 km range; all destroyed by 1993 under START II
  2. Wikipedia (RU) Р-12 (индекс ГРАУ 8К63, SS-4 Sandal); советская жидкостная одноступенчатая БРСД наземного базирования; головной разработчик ОКБ-586 М.К. Янгеля; принята на вооружение в 1959; три полка размещены на Кубе в 1962 в рамках операции «Анадырь»; уничтожены по договору РСМД к маю 1990
  3. nuke.fas.org FAS/Nuke Guide: R-12 first Soviet strategic missile with storable propellants and autonomous inertial guidance; megaton-class warhead; IOC March 1959; 608 max launcher inventory 1964–66; last 149 eliminated at Lesnaya May 1990 under INF Treaty
  4. astronautix.com astronautix: R-12 first operationally effective IRBM; first Soviet missile with thermonuclear warhead; first mass-produced missile in history; 2,300 built; deployed March 1959 to June 1989; Cuban deployment precipitated missile crisis
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