Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
중소 우호 동맹 상호 원조 조약
A 30-year bilateral treaty of alliance signed on February 14, 1950 in Moscow between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. It resulted from Mao Zedong's 'lean to one side' foreign policy converging with Stalin's strategic interests in East Asia, providing mutual security guarantees, Soviet economic and technical aid, and the eventual return of Port Arthur, Dalian, and the Changchun Railway to China. The treaty's negotiation and Stalin's concessions to Mao directly precipitated Stalin's approval of Kim Il-sung's invasion plan for South Korea, making it a decisive condition for the outbreak of the Korean War.
Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) full treaty background, terms, negotiations, and legacy
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian article confirming treaty date, 30-year duration, Mao-Stalin negotiations, and link to Sino-Soviet split
- kjis.org Kim Youngjun (2019), KJIS: Stalin agreed to Kim Il-sung's invasion plan during the treaty negotiations in January 1950; after conceding on Lushun/Dalian/Changchun Railway, Stalin sent permission to Kim without explanation; the treaty reshaped Cold War political geography and made the Korean War Stalin's strategic solution