Vsevobuch
브세보부치
A system of compulsory military training for workers and peasants in Soviet Russia and the USSR, conducted without interruption of civilian production. Established by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on 22 April 1918, it served as the Red Army's main source of trained reserves during the Civil War, was suspended in 1923, and revived upon the German invasion in 1941, training an estimated 9.86 million citizens by 1945. Nikolai Podvoisky designed and led the system as its first director.
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Sources
- Wikipedia (EN) English Wikipedia article on Vsevobuch, its two phases (1918–1923 and 1941–1945), structure, and training figures of ~9.86 million in WWII.
- Wikipedia (RU) Russian Wikipedia article with detailed history: 96-hour initial program, territorial district organization, formation of reserve units, 1941–45 statistics, and the 1946–1948 dissolution.
- Marxists Internet Archive Full text of the 22 April 1918 VTsIK decree 'On Compulsory Military Training,' adopted at Trotsky's initiative, establishing military training for workers and peasants aged 18–40 without disruption of production.
- ria.ru RIA Novosti historical overview (2008): three training programs (42-hour, 7-week, 14-week), territorial district system, revival in October 1941 with 110-hour program, and total WWII trainees of 9,862,000.