Emmanuel Macron

France state institutions Liberalism and republicanism 1977–

Former investment banker who founded En Marche and became president at thirty-nine

Born in Amiens in 1977, he graduated from the ENA, became an inspector of finance and worked as an investment banker at Rothschild. A Socialist Party member from 2006 to 2009, he became deputy secretary-general of President Hollande's staff in 2012 and economy minister in 2014, pushing business-friendly reforms. He founded En Marche in 2016 and the next year defeated Marine Le Pen to become the youngest president in French history. His labour, tax and pension reforms met the yellow vests protests and the pension strike. He was re-elected in 2022.