The Tongmenghui’s second leader, commander of the revolutionaries at Yangxia and in the Second Revolution
From Changsha in Hunan, he turned to revolution while studying in Japan, founded the Huaxinghui in 1903 and in 1905 helped Sun Yat-sen found the Tongmenghui in Tokyo, becoming its second leader. He led several southern risings between 1907 and 1911 and lost two fingers in the Huanghuagang Uprising of April 1911. After the Wuchang Uprising he commanded the revolutionary forces at the Battle of Yangxia, became minister of the army and chief of staff in the Nanjing provisional government, and in 1912 a director of the Kuomintang. In the Second Revolution of 1913 he led Jiangsu’s secession at Nanjing; when it failed he fled to Japan and the United States. He returned after Yuan Shikai’s death but died of illness in Shanghai that October.
Also known as: Huang Hsing · Huang Keqiang
Activities and affiliations
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1905–1912
Tongmenghui (Chinese United League)Main
Political and party leadership- Commander of the revolutionary forces1907–1912Military command
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1912
Republic of China state institutionsMinister of the Army and Chief of Staff
Military command -
1912–1916
Political and party leadership
Career Timeline
- 1903Founded the Huaxinghui and became its president
- 1905Co-founded the Tongmenghui in Tokyo, as general affairs officer
- 1907–1908Led southern risings at Qinzhou, Zhennanguan and elsewhere
- 1911Led the Huanghuagang Uprising; commanded the revolutionaries at Yangxia
- 1912Minister of the Army and Chief of Staff, Nanjing provisional government
- 1912Director of the Kuomintang
- 1913Led Jiangsu in the Second Revolution; exile in Japan
- 1914–1916Exile in the United States, raising funds for the National Protection Army