Menshevik agrarian theorist whose land municipalisation programme won over Lenin's nationalisation at the 1906 congress
Economist, born in 1867 into an Old Believer Cossack family in Orenburg Governorate. Expelled from Kazan University for student unrest after attending Fedoseev's Marxist circle, he spent three years in prison. In 1896–1897 he edited the first legal Marxist newspaper, Samarsky Vestnik, in Samara. After the 1903 split he sided with the Mensheviks, and in 1906 the party congress adopted his programme of municipalising the land against Lenin's nationalisation programme. After the defeat of 1905 he became a liquidationist, and in the First World War a defencist. After the October Revolution he served as commissar for the Urals under the Provisional Siberian Government, then resigned and returned to scholarship, becoming a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1929. He died in Moscow in 1946.
Activities and affiliations
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1903–1918
Political and party leadership
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1918–1946
Soviet Union state institutionsMain
Scholarship and theory
Career Timeline
- 1887Entered Kazan University; Fedoseev circle
- 1889Arrested in the Kazan case; three years in prison
- 1896–1897Editor of Samarsky Vestnik
- 1903Joined the Mensheviks
- 1906Agrarian report at the Fourth Congress; municipalisation adopted
- 1908Emigrated
- 1913Returned under amnesty
- 1918.07Commissar for the Urals, Provisional Siberian Government
- 1918.11Professor at the Omsk Agricultural Institute
- 1929Full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- 1931.04.25Exiled from Moscow in the Union Bureau of Mensheviks case; revoked five days later