People of the Revolution and the USSR

Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) Communism 1890–1960 ○ Cerebral hemorrhage

Stalin's personally approved CPGB General Secretary who led the party for 25 years

10 May 1920, Port of London. Pollitt convinced dockers not to load the SS Jolly George with munitions bound for Poland, then at war with Soviet Russia. The ship sailed empty on 15 May.

Founding member and General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain for over 25 years, the most significant British communist of the 20th century. He persuaded London dockers to block munitions bound for Poland in the 1920 Hands Off Russia campaign. Appointed General Secretary with Stalin's personal approval, he was the party's secret 'Code Holder' in direct radio contact with Moscow. He supported the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War and co-authored The British Road to Socialism, committing the CPGB to a parliamentary path. When Khrushchev denounced Stalin in 1956, Pollitt refused to take down Stalin's portrait from his living room.

Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) Communism 1917–2015 ○ Natural causes

A Cold War historian who dissected the Stalin era

The revised The Great Terror argued that the opening of the archives still left its central challenge standing.

Robert Conquest was a British historian and poet who studied Soviet political violence and collectivization. His 1968 book The Great Terror used published documents and émigré testimony to present the Great Purge as a system of state terror rather than merely a series of Moscow trials, and established the period’s English-language name. His estimates of the victims and his totalitarian interpretation were partly supported by later archival releases and research, while their scale and causal claims remained contested. His work in anticommunist information activity and literature also makes him a figure at the intersection of historical scholarship and Cold War politics.

Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) Communism 1925–2021 ○ Natural causes

The British economic historian who built the seven-volume chronicle of Soviet industrialisation

In his final volume he wrote: "While my view of Soviet history has changed… when the details of history are in conflict with preconceived ideas, the latter should give way… I remain on the Left, believing… that a better organization of society is possible."

A British economic historian. He co-authored Foundations of a Planned Economy with E. H. Carr and carried Carr's work forward into the 1930s, completing the seven-volume The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia. In The Years of Hunger (2004), co-authored with Stephen Wheatcroft, he used post-Soviet archives to estimate famine deaths at 5.5–6.5 million and argued the famine was not a planned genocide but the result of procurement-first policy, harvest failure, and belated leadership response. A member of the Communist Party of Great Britain in his youth, he left after the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary and remained on the Left, holding that 'a better organization of society is possible.'

Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) Communism 1927–2006 ○ Natural causes

A communist journalist who chose the scene over the party line

At a workers’ council election, hearing “we have absolutely no experience of electing people,” he thought: “So much for ‘people’s democracy.”

Peter Fryer was an English Marxist writer and journalist who sought both truth within the communist movement and international solidarity. In Hungary in 1956 he reported a workers’ and students’ uprising, but the Daily Worker censored or suppressed his dispatches, and he answered with Hungarian Tragedy. The conflict led to his expulsion from the Communist Party and contributed to the crisis that split British communism, after which he became a major historian of Black Britain.