People of the Revolution and the USSR
Russian Empire state institutions
Imperial establishment and White movement
The old regime and its challengers 1905–1917
Clear all
- Dmitry Alekseyevich Milyutin Дмитрий Алексеевич Милютин The Great Reforms' military architect, who forged Russia's army into a modern conscript force over twenty years as war minister
- Alexander Nikolayevich II Александр Николаевич II The Tsar who tried to modernize the old regime from above through emancipation and reform, and became the revolutionaries' prime target
- Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov Михаил Тариелович Лорис-Меликов Armenian-born reformist minister called the "dictator of the heart"
- Ivan Logginovich Goremykin Иван Логгинович Горемыкин The empire's last prime minister who believed doing nothing would save autocracy
- Alexander Alexandrovich III Александр Александрович III The 'Peacemaker' who reversed the Great Reforms and re-established autocracy as the unshakeable creed of the Russian state
- Fyodor Vasilyevich Dubasov Фёдор Васильевич Дубасов Imperial Russian admiral who crushed the Moscow December uprising with artillery fire
- Pyotr Nikolayevich Durnovo Пётр Николаевич Дурново The imperial interior minister who crushed the 1905 Revolution and foretold Russia's collapse in the Great War
- Vyacheslav Konstantinovich von Plehve Вячеслав Константинович фон Плеве The last hardline Interior Minister of tsarism, who urged a "small victorious war" to hold back revolution
- Zinovy Petrovich Rozhestvensky Зиновий Петрович Рожественский The Imperial Russian admiral who led the Baltic Fleet to catastrophe at Tsushima
- Sergei Yulyevich Witte Сергей Юльевич Витте The fixer his Tsar could not forgive
- Nikolai Dmitriyevich Golitsyn Николай Дмитриевич Голицын The last premier of the empire, who begged to be excused
- Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov Владимир Викторович Сахаров Cavalry general who led the 11th Army in the Brusilov Offensive and joined the White movement
- Aleksei Alekseyevich Brusilov Алексей Алексеевич Брусилов Designer of the 1916 Brusilov Offensive and the last great tsarist commander, who later joined the Red Army
- Nikolai Vladimirovich Ruzsky Николай Владимирович Рузский The Northern Front commander who forced the Tsar's abdication at Pskov
- Dmitri Feodorovich Trepov Дмитрий Фёдорович Трепов The face of 1905: repression orders in one hand, reform promises in the other
- Nicholas Nikolaevich Romanov Николай Николаевич Романов The Grand Duke who drew a revolver on the Tsar and forced constitutional reform
- Pyotr Dmitrievich Sviatopolk-Mirsky Пётр Дмитриевич Святополк-Мирский The interior minister whose 'era of trust' promised reform, and ended in Bloody Sunday
- Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev Михаил Васильевич Алексеев The tsar's last chief of staff, who commanded the Eastern Front and laid the foundation of the White Volunteer Army
- Sergey Semyonovich Khabalov Сергей Семёнович Хабалов Last commander of the Petrograd Military District, who ordered troops to fire on crowds and then lost control of the garrison
- Alexey Maksimovich Kaledin Алексей Максимович Каледин Don Cossack ataman who opened the first White stronghold in the south
- Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov Георгий Евгеньевич Львов A scion of Rurik, the Empire's last liberal premier
- Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin Пётр Аркадьевич Столыпин The premier who held the gallows in one hand and reform in the other
- Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich Николай Николаевич Юденич The last great commander of Imperial Russia, who won the Caucasus Front and led the White drive on Petrograd
- Sergei Vasilyevich Zubatov Сергей Васильевич Зубатов The police administrator who tried to tame the labor movement from inside the Tsarist system
- Nikolai Mikhaylovich Kishkin Николай Михайлович Кишкин The Kadet minister named special plenipotentiary to save Petrograd on the day of the October Revolution
- Alexander Dmitrievich Protopopov Александр Дмитриевич Протопопов The last interior minister of the Russian Empire: elevated by Rasputin, destroyed by his own unraveling
- Alexander Pavlovich Balk Александр Павлович Балк Last Petrograd city governor of imperial Russia, the police official who faced the February Revolution's tide
- Vladimir Zenonovich May-Mayevsky Владимир Зенонович Май-Маевский The White general who led the Volunteer Army closest to Moscow, only to collapse from overstretched lines and alcoholism
- Nicholas II Николай II The last Tsar, who believed autocracy was a duty from God
- Alexander Alexandrovich Rittich Александр Александрович Риттих The last tsarist agriculture minister, whose grain requisition ignited the bread crisis that sparked the February Revolution
- Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin Григорий Ефимович Распутин The Siberian “holy man” who reached the imperial bedchamber
- Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov Пётр Николаевич Краснов The White ataman who built a Don Cossack anti-Bolshevik state, collaborated with the Nazis, and was a Nobel Prize-nominated novelist
- Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov Лавр Георгиевич Корнилов The general who offered Russia a “strong hand”
- Aleksandr Mikhailovich Krymov Александр Михайлович Крымов Imperial Russian cavalry general who led Kornilov's march on Petrograd
- Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova Александра Фёдоровна Романова The last Empress, whose reliance on Rasputin helped doom the dynasty
- Anton Ivanovich Denikin Антон Иванович Деникин The White commander who drove the largest anti-Bolshevik army to within 400 km of Moscow
- Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak Александр Васильевич Колчак From the Arctic to the execution wall: Imperial Russia's last armed defender turned Supreme Ruler
- Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterikhs Михаил Константинович Дитерихс Kolchak's chief of staff, Romanov murder investigator, and last ruler of White Priamurye
- Boris Aleksandrovich Engelhardt Борис Александрович Энгельгардт Headed the Duma Military Commission whose order sending the garrison back to barracks triggered Order No. 1
- Vasily Vitalyevich Shulgin Василий Витальевич Шульгин The Duma monarchist who took the tsar's abdication and became an ideologue of the White movement
- Ivan Pavlovich Kalmykov Иван Павлович Калмыков Ataman of the Ussuri Cossacks who took Khabarovsk in 1918 and became notorious for shootings without trial and plunder
- Timofey Ivanovich Kirpichnikov Тимофей Иванович Кирпичников A soldier leader who defied imperial orders
- Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov Александр Васильевич Суворов Russian imperial field marshal and generalissimo, the 'Russian Hannibal'