People of the Revolution and the USSR

GlossaryConstitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)

Pavel Milyukov

Павел Милюков

Leader of the Kadets: 'Stupidity or Treason?'

At the Duma tribune in November 1916, he listed the government's failures one by one and after each asked the same refrain — and the chamber roared back: "Treason!"

Historian and leader of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets). His 1916 'Stupidity or Treason?' speech shook the Tsarist regime, and as Foreign Minister he triggered the April Crisis of 1917. In exile he edited a newspaper in Paris; during the Nazi-Soviet war he backed the USSR.

Career timeline
  • 1905Founded the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)
  • 1906Drafted the Vyborg Manifesto — called for passive resistance to Duma dissolution
  • 1907–1917Deputy in the Third and Fourth Duma, leader of the Kadet faction
  • 1915Led formation of the Progressive Bloc
  • 1916.11'Stupidity or treason?' speech — devastating attack on the Stürmer government
  • 1917.03–05Foreign Minister of Provisional Government — April Crisis forced resignation over Milyukov Note
  • 1917.08Kornilov affair — further chaos amid Kerensky-Kornilov conflict
  • 1920–1940Edited émigré newspaper Poslednie novosti in Paris
  • 1941–1943Supported USSR against Nazi Germany — rejoiced at the victory at Stalingrad